Prototypical layer of a concept: The english culture type “private detective”
Abstract
The theory of culture types has been developing within the cultural studies for the past decade.
Сonsiderable scholarship has been developed regarding the concept of “culture type” which is understood as a generalized recognizable representative of society, whose behavior reflects his attitudes and values of a particular group of people or society. Сulture types emerge on the basis of real or fictional individuals. In English language consciousness the analyzed type PRIVATE DETECTIVE is represented by masculine and feminine characters. The given research explores the prototypical layer of the masculine culture type PRIVATE DETECTIVE on the material of the English detective novels by Conan Doyle.
Materials and Methods: methodological base of the research comprises theory of prototype according to which the prototype is considered as the best representative of the category corresponds to the model personality which possesses a set of unique characteristics inherent in this culture. Applying such investigation methods as contextual, conceptual and cognitive analysis we have determined the professionally marked cognitive features of masculine prototypes of the mentioned culture type represented by the fictional character of Sherlock Holmes and its real models – Joseph Bell and Conan Doyle.
Results: considering the culture type as a fieldeffect structured concept the research resulted in description of the nuclear and perinuclear zone. The nuclear contains prototypical features of the culture type PRIVATE DETECTIVE that are typical to its real models. Perinuclear covers fictional characteristics related to Sherlock Holmes as the basic model.
Conclusions: the analyses of 98 fragments from English detective novels and social essays has revealed that the culture type PRIVATE DETECTIVE is mainly formed on the basis of Sherlock Holmes (80 - 82%), Joseph Bell (8 –8%) and Conan Doyle (10 – 10%). The area of convergence of prototypical and fictional characters amounted up to 66% considered as prototypical cognitive framework reflecting the embodiment of cognitive features of counterparts in the culture type PRIVATE DETECTIVE. The results of the done investigation can be included to the course on cultural studies, conceptology, personology.
Downloads
References
Alikaev R.S., Zhurtova A.Z. (2012b). Ways to categorize heterostereotype representations in American linguistic consciousness. In: Bulletin of Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekov, vol. 2, No. 3.- Nalchik, pp.68-72.
Borisenko, A. (2008). Not only Holmes.Moscow: Foreign literature.In: Foreign literature, no 1, pp. 220-227. ISSN 0130-6545.
Vorkachev, S. G. (2002). Methodological basis of linguocencoptology. Theoretical and applied linguistics.
In: Aspects of language and communication. Voronezh: Publishing house of Voronezh State University, iss. 3, pp. 79–95. ISBN 978-5-904686-08-6.
Dmitrieva, O. (2007). Language culture types in Russia and France of ХIХ century. Volgograd:Publishing house of the State Pedagogical University "Change", P. 307. ISBN 978-5-9669-0421-0.
Dubrovskaya, E. (2015). Language culture type « bohemian girl»: model experience. In:International postgraduate bulletin. Russian abroad.Moscow: The Pushkin Institute of the Russian Language n. 1-2, pp.
43-49. ISSN 2074-1154.
Karasik, V. - Dmitrieva, O.A. (2005). Language culture type: to the notion of the concept. In: Axiologic linguistics:language culture types: Volgograd: The Paradigm, pp. 5- 25.ISBN 5-89395-238-2.
Karasik, V. (2007). Language keys. Volgograd:Publishing house of the State Pedagogical University "Change", P.520. ISBN 5-7859-0027-0.
Kachmazova, A. - Tameryan, T.YU. (2016). Ethnic space of language stereopitization «friend –foe - friend». Vladikavkaz: Publishing house of the North Ossetian State University. P. 230. ISBN 978-5-8336-0942-2.
Kusaeva, E. - Tameryan, T.YU. (2016). Language culture types “private detective”: prototipical basis.In:Bulletin of Pyatigorsk State University. n. 2, pp. 187 - 190.
Popova, Z. (2004). To the problem of unification and stabilization of cognitive linguistics terminology.
Introduction to cognitive linguistics. In :Cognitive Linguistics iss. 4, pp. 12-16. ISBN 978-5-17-045103-6.
Sternin, I. (2001). Methods of investigation of concept structure. In :Methodological problems of cognitive linguistics: scientific edition. P. 58-65.
Fariña-Pérez, L. (2012). Joseph Bell (1837-1911): Centenario del cirujano que inspiró a Arthur Conan Doyle el personaje de Sherlock Holmes, y que enseñó urología en Edimburgo. In: Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition), vol. 36 (3), P. 202 (Online).
Keats, J. (2013). The science of Sherlock Holmes. New Scientist, vol. 217(2898), pp. 40-41 (Online).
Kertész, A. - Schwarz-Friesel, M. - Consten, M. (2015). Introduction: converging data sources in cognitive linguistics.In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 192, pp. 720-723 (Online).
Lakoff, G. (1972). A study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts. In: Papers from the regional meeting of the Chicago linguistic society Chicago: Chicago linguistic society. pp.183-228.
Lewis, C.- Brooks, G. - Button, M. - Shepherd, D. A. (2014). Wakefield Evaluating the case for greater use of private prosecutions in England and Wales for fraud offences. In: International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, Vol. 42 (1), pp. 3-15 (Online).
Lightman, B. (2014). Contextualising Conan Doyle’s Ideal Reasoner: The Case of the Reluctant Scientific Naturalist. In: Journal of literature and science, vol. 7 (2), pp. 19-36 (Online).
Pesina, S. - SOLONCHAK, T. (2015). Concept in Cognitive Linguistics and Biocognitive Science. In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 192, pp. 587-592 (Online).
Rosch, E. (1983). Prototype classification and logical classification: The two systems. In: Scholnick, E. New Trends in Cognitive Representation: Challenges to Piaget's Theory, Hillsdale, N.-J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 73- 86.
Taylor, J. (2015). Prototype Theory in Linguistics. In: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition). pp. 286-289. (Online).
Kociatkiewicz, J. - Kostera, M. (2012). Sherlock Holmes and the adventure of the rational manager: Organizational reason and its discontents. In: Scandinavian Journal of Management, vol. 28 (2), pp. 162-172. DOI: 10.1080/13678869800000051(Online).
Tang, Y. - Lawry, J. (2009). Linguistic modelling and information coarsening based on prototype theory and label semantics. In:International Journal of Approximate Reasoning. Vol. 50 (8), pp. 1177-1198 (Online).
Zhanalina, L. - Ordahanova, A.B. (2015). Substance and Methods of Cognitive Approach in Linguistics. In: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 192, pp. 720-723 (Online).
.gif)
