The perfect tense in manuscript of the 13th century
Abstract
This article reflects the result of perfect form semantics study in the collection of words and teachings (RNL, F.p.1.39) of the 13th century, which was carried out within the framework of the project devoted to the evolution and the functioning of an ancient Russian verb. Most of the manuscript is occupied by Kirill Turovsky’s words. Besides, it contains the oldest South Russian translation of "Tales of Aphroditian." In this regard, the attention of researchers was mainly paid to the contents of the collection, and not to its linguistic and morphological characteristics. The work is the part of a comprehensive analysis of Tolstoy's collection linguistic features. We have determined that in the source, as in many other works, the overwhelming number of perfect forms is represented by the 2nd and the 3rd person singular, but, unlike the "traditional" use of the 3rd person forms without a link, the collection has only few forms without a link. The formulation of a single meaning, which could explain all the contexts of the use and non-use of perfects, is impossible for us. Presumably, perfect conveys a certain complex of subjectively colored meanings, connected, on the one hand, with emotionally expressive isolation of an action or an event, and on the other hand - with an evidence or with a reference to a known information / source.
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