Validation of an EFL learner's self-efficacy questionnaire using the Rasch model
Keywords:
Self-efficacy, validity, Rasch Model, scale adaption, EFL learners.Abstract
Self-efficacy plays a key role in learners' learning processes by helping or hindering their development (Bandura, 1984). Based on related studies (e.g. Littel, 1991; Lier, 2010) one major point affected on language learning is self-efficacy. To this aim, a 35-item an EFL learners’ selfefficacy questionnaire was adapted and validated by the application of the Rasch model. The test was developed in Persian to be used for Iranian EFL learners. A total number of 987 EFL learners learning English in different language institutions of Iran participated in this study. The results revealed that the Rasch model fits the test after removing 10 items from the scale. Moreover, it is confirmed that the scale enjoyed suitable reliability. This proposes that the questionnaire is potentially valid and can be used as a measure of EFL learners’ self-efficacy.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Alifat, A., Rahnama, A., Sabbagh Esmaeeli, R., Hosseinpour, R. (2016). Determining the Role of Aspects and Components of Hidden Curriculum on Social Self-Efficacy of Primary-School Boy Students from the Viewpoint of Abdanan Teachers in 2014-2015. International journal of humanities and cultural studies, 2441-2452.
Anaydubalu, C. C. (2010). Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, and Performance in the English Language among Middle-School Students in English Language Program in Satri Si Suriyothai School, Bangkok. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 5(3), 193-198.
Andrich, D. (1978). Application of a Psychometric Rating Model to Ordered Categories Which Are Scored with Successive Integers. Applied psychological measurement. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167800200413
Arnold, J. & Brown, H.D. (1999). A map of the terrain. In J. Arnold (Ed.), Affect in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ashton, P.T., & Webb, R.B. (1986). Making a difference: Teachers’ sense of efficacy and student achievement. New York: Longman.
Baghaei, P. (2008). The Rasch model as a construct validation tool. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 22, 1145-1146.
Baghaei, P. (2009). Understanding the Rasch model. Mashhad: Mashhad Islamic Azad University Press.
Baghaei, P., & Tabatabaee Yazdi, M. (2016). The logic of latent variable analysis as validity evidence in psychological measurement. The Open Psychology Journal. 9, 168-175. doi: 10.2174/1874350101609010168
Baghaei, P. (2012). The application of multidimensional Rasch models in large scale assessment and validation: An empirical example. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 10, 233–252.
Baghaei, P., & Aryadoust, V. (2015). Modeling local item dependence due to common test format with a multidimensional Rasch model. International Journal of Testing, 15, 71–87. doi: https://doi.org10.1080/15305058.2014.941108
Baghaei, P., & Cassady, J. (2014). Validation of the Persian translation of the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale. Sage Open, 4, 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014555113
Bandura. A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1984). Recycling Misconceptions of Perceived Self-Efficacy. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 8(3), 231-255.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Bandura, A. (1997a), Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Investigating the Effects of Self-Efficacy on Innovativeness and the Moderating Impact of Cultural Dimensions. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. In Kumar, R. & Uzkurt, C. (2010) Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies.
Bandura, A. (1997b). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for creating self-efficacy scales. In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 307-337). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Bandura, A. & Schunk, D.H. (1981). Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 586-598.
Ba?aran, S & Cabaro?lu N. (2014). The Effect of Language Learning Podcasts on English Sel efficacy. International Journal of Language Academy, 2(2), 48-69.
Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (1986). Application of self-efficacy theory to understanding career choice behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 279-289. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1986.4.3.279
Bond, T. G., & Fox, C. M. (2007). Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bong, M. (2006). Asking the right question: How confident are you that you could successfully perform these tasks? In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 287- 305). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Bong, M. & Skaalvik, E. M. (2003). Academic self-concept and self-efficacy: How different are they really? Educational Psychology Review, 15 (1), 1-40.
Bonyadi, A., Rimani Nikou, F., & Shahbaz, S. (2012). The Relationship between EFL Learners’ Self-efficacy Beliefs and Their Language Learning Strategy Use. English Language Teaching, 5, 113-121. doi: 10.5539/elt.v5n8p113
Borsboom, D. (2008). Latent variable theory. Measurement, 6, 25-53.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15366360802035497
Block, D. (2007). Second language identities. London: Continuum.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2010.486279
Çak?r, Ö., & Al?c?, D. (2009). Seeing self as others see you: variability in self-efficacy ratings in student teaching. Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice. 15(5), 541–561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13540600903139555
Castles, M. (2005). The age of information: economy, community, and culture. Translated by Ahad Alighlian and Ashin Khabza, Tehran: Tarhe Nou.
Chen, C, Greene, P., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?. Journal of Business Venturing, 13 (4), 295-316.
Cinkara, E. (2009). Self-efficacy in EFL: Its sources and relationship with success (A case study at Gaziantep University) (Master's Thesis). Gaziantep University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Gaziantep.
Cotteral, S. (1999). Key variables in language learning: What do learners believe about them? . System, 2(4):493-513.
DeTure, M. (2004). Cognitive style and self-efficacy: predicting student success in online distance learning. The American Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 21-38. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15389286ajde1801_3
Duman, B. (2007). The Effects of Self-Efficacy Beliefs of High School Students about English on Their English Performance due to Gender, Range, and Grade (PhD. Dissertation). Y?ld?z Technical University Graduate School of Social Sciences, ?stanbul.
Egel, P. I. (2009). The prospective English language teacher’s reflections of self-efficacy. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 1561–1567.
Feltz, D. L. (1982). Path analysis of the casual elements of Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy and anxiety-based model of avoidance behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 764-781. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.4.764
Genç, G., Kulu?akl?, E., & Ayd?n, S. (2016). Exploring EFL Learners’ Perceived Self-efficacy and Beliefs on English Language Learning. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 41(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n2.4
Ghodrati, M., Ashraf, H. & Motallebzadeh, K. (2014). The Effect of Task-Based Speaking Activities on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Self-efficacy and Autonomy (Unpublished MA thesis). Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e Heydarieh Branch.
Gibson, S. & Dembo, M. (1984). Teacher efficacy: A construct validation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(4), 569-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022- 0663.76.4.569
Gist, M.E. & Mitchell T.R. (1992). Self-Efficacy: A Theoretical Analysis of Its Determinants and Malleability. Academy of Management Review, 17 (2), 183-211.
Graham, S. (2006). A Study of Students’ Metacognitive Beliefs About Foreign Language Study and Their Impact on Learning. Foreign Language Annals, 39(2), 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/1010.1111/j.1944-9720.2006.tb02267.x
Greta, G. (2009). Investigating Second Language Learner Self-Efficacy and Future Expectancy of Second Language Use for High-Stakes Program Evaluation. Foreign Language Annals, 42(3), 505-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2009.01034.x
Hsieh, P. H. P., & Schallert, D. L. (2008). Implications from self-efficacy and attribution theories for an understanding of undergraduates’ motivation in a foreign language course. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33, 513–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2008.01.003
Hsieh, P. P., & Kang, H. S. (2010). Attribution and Self-Efficacy and Their Interrelationship in the Korean EFL Context. Language Learning, 60 (3), 606–627.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00570.x
Huang, S.C., & Chang, S.F. (1996). Self-Efficacy of English as a second language learner: An example of four learners. Bloomington, IN Language Education Department, School of Education, Indiana University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 396 536).
Huang, S. C. & Chang, S. F. (1998). Self-efficacy in learners of English as a second language: Four examples. Journal of Intensive English Studies, 12, 23-40.
Kanfer, R., & Zeiss, A. M. (1983). Depression, interpersonal standard, setting and judgments of self-efficacy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 319-329. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.92.3.319
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Larkin, K. C. (1984). Relation of self-efficacy expectations to academic achievement and persistence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(3), 356-362.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.31.3.356
Li, Y., & Wang, C. (2010). An empirical study of reading self-efficacy and the use of reading strategies in the Chinese EFL context. Asian EFL Journal, 12(2), 144-162.
Linacre, J. M. (1999). Investigating rating scale category utility. Journal of Outcome Measurement, 3, 103-122.
Linacre, J. M. (2009). A user’s guide to WINSTEPS. Chicago, IL: Winsteps.
Linnenbrick, E. A., & Pintrich, P. R. (2003). The role of self-efficacy beliefs in student engagement and learning in the classroom. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19, 119–137.
McCollum, D. L. (2003). Utilizing non-cognitive predictors of foreign language achievement. Applied Language Learning, 13 (1), p.19-32.
Mills, N. A. (2004). Self-efficacy of college intermediate French students: Relation to motivation, achievement, and proficiency (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Emory University.
Mills, N., Pajares, F., & Herron, C. (2007). Self-efficacy of college intermediate French students: Relation to achievement and motivation. Language Learning, 57(3), 417-442.
Moghari, E. H., Lavasani, M. G., Bagherian, V., & Afshari, J. (2011). The Relationship between perceived teacher's academic optimism and English achievement: Role of self-efficacy. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2329–2333.
Multon, K. D., Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (1991). Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 30-38.
Pajares, F. (1997). Current directions in self-efficacy research. In M. L. Maehr, & P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement, 10, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Pajares, F. (2000). Self-efficacy Beliefs and Current Directions in Self-efficacy Research. Retrieved from: http://www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/effpage.html
Pajares, F. & Miller, M. (1995). Mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics performances: The need for specificity of assessment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42 (2), 190-198.
Pajares, F., & Urdan, T. (2006). Foreword. Cited in F. Pajares, & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. In Raoofi, S., Tani, B. H. & Chani, H. S. (2012) Self-efficacy in Second/Foreign Language Learning Contexts. English Language Teaching, 5(11).
Rahemi, J. (2007). Self-efficacy in English and Iranian senior high school students majoring in humanities. Novitas-ROYAL, 1(2), 98-111.
Rahimi, A., & Abedini, A. (2009). The interface between EFL learners’ self-efficacy concerning listening comprehension and listening proficiency. Novitas Royal, 3(1), 14-28.
Rahimpour, M., & Nariman-jahan, R. (2010). The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Proficiency on EFL Learners’ Writing. Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 7(11), 19-32.
Raoofi, S., Hoon Tan, B. & Heng Chan, S. (2012). Self-efficacy in Second/Foreign Language Learning Contexts. English Language Teaching, 5(11), 60-73.
Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231.
Tanaka, K. and Ellis, R. (2003). Study abroad, language proficiency, and learner beliefs about language learning. JALT Journal, 25, 63–85.
Tilfarlioglu, Y. F. (2009). Self-Efficacy in EFL: Differences Among Proficiency Groups and Relationship with Success. Novitas-Royal, 3(2), 129-142.
Tilfarlio?lu, F. T., & Ciftci, F. S. (2011). Supporting Self-efficacy and Learner Autonomy in Relation to Academic Success in EFL Classrooms (A Case Study). Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(10), 1284-1294. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4304/tpls.1.10.1284-1294
Wang, J., Spencer, K., & Xing, M. (2009). Metacognitive beliefs and strategies in learning Chinese as a foreign language. System, 37, 46.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2008.05.001
Williams, M. (1994). Motivation in foreign and second language learning: An Integrative Perspective. Educational and Child Psychology, 11, 77-84.
Woolfolk, A.E., & Hoy, W.K. (1990). Prospective teachers’ sense of efficacy about control. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 81–91.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022- 0663.82.1.81
Yang, N. D. (1999). The relationship between EFL learners’ beliefs and learning strategy use. System, 27, 515-35.
Yilmaz, C. (2010). The relationship between language learning strategies, gender, proficiency and self-efficacy beliefs: a study of ELT learners in Turkey. Procedia Social and Behavioural, 2, 682–687.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E, & Hills, G. E. (2005). The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272. In Iskandari, M. T. & Sanusi, M. Z. (2011). Assessing the Effects of Self-Efficacy and Task Complexity on Internal Control Audit Judgment. AAMJAF, 7 (1), 29–52, 2011.
Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 329-339.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of Self-regulation (13-39). San Diego: Academic Press. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012109890-2/50031-7
Anaydubalu, C. C. (2010). Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, and Performance in the English Language among Middle-School Students in English Language Program in Satri Si Suriyothai School, Bangkok. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 5(3), 193-198.
Andrich, D. (1978). Application of a Psychometric Rating Model to Ordered Categories Which Are Scored with Successive Integers. Applied psychological measurement. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167800200413
Arnold, J. & Brown, H.D. (1999). A map of the terrain. In J. Arnold (Ed.), Affect in Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ashton, P.T., & Webb, R.B. (1986). Making a difference: Teachers’ sense of efficacy and student achievement. New York: Longman.
Baghaei, P. (2008). The Rasch model as a construct validation tool. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 22, 1145-1146.
Baghaei, P. (2009). Understanding the Rasch model. Mashhad: Mashhad Islamic Azad University Press.
Baghaei, P., & Tabatabaee Yazdi, M. (2016). The logic of latent variable analysis as validity evidence in psychological measurement. The Open Psychology Journal. 9, 168-175. doi: 10.2174/1874350101609010168
Baghaei, P. (2012). The application of multidimensional Rasch models in large scale assessment and validation: An empirical example. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 10, 233–252.
Baghaei, P., & Aryadoust, V. (2015). Modeling local item dependence due to common test format with a multidimensional Rasch model. International Journal of Testing, 15, 71–87. doi: https://doi.org10.1080/15305058.2014.941108
Baghaei, P., & Cassady, J. (2014). Validation of the Persian translation of the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale. Sage Open, 4, 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014555113
Bandura. A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1984). Recycling Misconceptions of Perceived Self-Efficacy. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 8(3), 231-255.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Bandura, A. (1997a), Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Investigating the Effects of Self-Efficacy on Innovativeness and the Moderating Impact of Cultural Dimensions. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. In Kumar, R. & Uzkurt, C. (2010) Journal of International Business and Cultural Studies.
Bandura, A. (1997b). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bandura, A. (2006). Guide for creating self-efficacy scales. In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 307-337). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Bandura, A. & Schunk, D.H. (1981). Cultivating competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic interest through proximal self-motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 586-598.
Ba?aran, S & Cabaro?lu N. (2014). The Effect of Language Learning Podcasts on English Sel efficacy. International Journal of Language Academy, 2(2), 48-69.
Betz, N. E., & Hackett, G. (1986). Application of self-efficacy theory to understanding career choice behavior. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 4, 279-289. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1986.4.3.279
Bond, T. G., & Fox, C. M. (2007). Applying the Rasch model: Fundamental measurement in the human sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bong, M. (2006). Asking the right question: How confident are you that you could successfully perform these tasks? In F. Pajares & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents (pp. 287- 305). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Bong, M. & Skaalvik, E. M. (2003). Academic self-concept and self-efficacy: How different are they really? Educational Psychology Review, 15 (1), 1-40.
Bonyadi, A., Rimani Nikou, F., & Shahbaz, S. (2012). The Relationship between EFL Learners’ Self-efficacy Beliefs and Their Language Learning Strategy Use. English Language Teaching, 5, 113-121. doi: 10.5539/elt.v5n8p113
Borsboom, D. (2008). Latent variable theory. Measurement, 6, 25-53.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15366360802035497
Block, D. (2007). Second language identities. London: Continuum.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2010.486279
Çak?r, Ö., & Al?c?, D. (2009). Seeing self as others see you: variability in self-efficacy ratings in student teaching. Teachers and Teaching: theory and practice. 15(5), 541–561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13540600903139555
Castles, M. (2005). The age of information: economy, community, and culture. Translated by Ahad Alighlian and Ashin Khabza, Tehran: Tarhe Nou.
Chen, C, Greene, P., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?. Journal of Business Venturing, 13 (4), 295-316.
Cinkara, E. (2009). Self-efficacy in EFL: Its sources and relationship with success (A case study at Gaziantep University) (Master's Thesis). Gaziantep University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Gaziantep.
Cotteral, S. (1999). Key variables in language learning: What do learners believe about them? . System, 2(4):493-513.
DeTure, M. (2004). Cognitive style and self-efficacy: predicting student success in online distance learning. The American Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 21-38. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15389286ajde1801_3
Duman, B. (2007). The Effects of Self-Efficacy Beliefs of High School Students about English on Their English Performance due to Gender, Range, and Grade (PhD. Dissertation). Y?ld?z Technical University Graduate School of Social Sciences, ?stanbul.
Egel, P. I. (2009). The prospective English language teacher’s reflections of self-efficacy. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1, 1561–1567.
Feltz, D. L. (1982). Path analysis of the casual elements of Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy and anxiety-based model of avoidance behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 764-781. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.42.4.764
Genç, G., Kulu?akl?, E., & Ayd?n, S. (2016). Exploring EFL Learners’ Perceived Self-efficacy and Beliefs on English Language Learning. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 41(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n2.4
Ghodrati, M., Ashraf, H. & Motallebzadeh, K. (2014). The Effect of Task-Based Speaking Activities on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Self-efficacy and Autonomy (Unpublished MA thesis). Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e Heydarieh Branch.
Gibson, S. & Dembo, M. (1984). Teacher efficacy: A construct validation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(4), 569-582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022- 0663.76.4.569
Gist, M.E. & Mitchell T.R. (1992). Self-Efficacy: A Theoretical Analysis of Its Determinants and Malleability. Academy of Management Review, 17 (2), 183-211.
Graham, S. (2006). A Study of Students’ Metacognitive Beliefs About Foreign Language Study and Their Impact on Learning. Foreign Language Annals, 39(2), 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/1010.1111/j.1944-9720.2006.tb02267.x
Greta, G. (2009). Investigating Second Language Learner Self-Efficacy and Future Expectancy of Second Language Use for High-Stakes Program Evaluation. Foreign Language Annals, 42(3), 505-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2009.01034.x
Hsieh, P. H. P., & Schallert, D. L. (2008). Implications from self-efficacy and attribution theories for an understanding of undergraduates’ motivation in a foreign language course. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33, 513–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2008.01.003
Hsieh, P. P., & Kang, H. S. (2010). Attribution and Self-Efficacy and Their Interrelationship in the Korean EFL Context. Language Learning, 60 (3), 606–627.
http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1467-9922.2010.00570.x
Huang, S.C., & Chang, S.F. (1996). Self-Efficacy of English as a second language learner: An example of four learners. Bloomington, IN Language Education Department, School of Education, Indiana University. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 396 536).
Huang, S. C. & Chang, S. F. (1998). Self-efficacy in learners of English as a second language: Four examples. Journal of Intensive English Studies, 12, 23-40.
Kanfer, R., & Zeiss, A. M. (1983). Depression, interpersonal standard, setting and judgments of self-efficacy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92, 319-329. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.92.3.319
Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Larkin, K. C. (1984). Relation of self-efficacy expectations to academic achievement and persistence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31(3), 356-362.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.31.3.356
Li, Y., & Wang, C. (2010). An empirical study of reading self-efficacy and the use of reading strategies in the Chinese EFL context. Asian EFL Journal, 12(2), 144-162.
Linacre, J. M. (1999). Investigating rating scale category utility. Journal of Outcome Measurement, 3, 103-122.
Linacre, J. M. (2009). A user’s guide to WINSTEPS. Chicago, IL: Winsteps.
Linnenbrick, E. A., & Pintrich, P. R. (2003). The role of self-efficacy beliefs in student engagement and learning in the classroom. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 19, 119–137.
McCollum, D. L. (2003). Utilizing non-cognitive predictors of foreign language achievement. Applied Language Learning, 13 (1), p.19-32.
Mills, N. A. (2004). Self-efficacy of college intermediate French students: Relation to motivation, achievement, and proficiency (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Emory University.
Mills, N., Pajares, F., & Herron, C. (2007). Self-efficacy of college intermediate French students: Relation to achievement and motivation. Language Learning, 57(3), 417-442.
Moghari, E. H., Lavasani, M. G., Bagherian, V., & Afshari, J. (2011). The Relationship between perceived teacher's academic optimism and English achievement: Role of self-efficacy. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2329–2333.
Multon, K. D., Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (1991). Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 30-38.
Pajares, F. (1997). Current directions in self-efficacy research. In M. L. Maehr, & P. R. Pintrich (Eds.), Advances in motivation and achievement, 10, Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Pajares, F. (2000). Self-efficacy Beliefs and Current Directions in Self-efficacy Research. Retrieved from: http://www.emory.edu/EDUCATION/mfp/effpage.html
Pajares, F. & Miller, M. (1995). Mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics performances: The need for specificity of assessment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42 (2), 190-198.
Pajares, F., & Urdan, T. (2006). Foreword. Cited in F. Pajares, & T. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing. In Raoofi, S., Tani, B. H. & Chani, H. S. (2012) Self-efficacy in Second/Foreign Language Learning Contexts. English Language Teaching, 5(11).
Rahemi, J. (2007). Self-efficacy in English and Iranian senior high school students majoring in humanities. Novitas-ROYAL, 1(2), 98-111.
Rahimi, A., & Abedini, A. (2009). The interface between EFL learners’ self-efficacy concerning listening comprehension and listening proficiency. Novitas Royal, 3(1), 14-28.
Rahimpour, M., & Nariman-jahan, R. (2010). The Influence of Self-Efficacy and Proficiency on EFL Learners’ Writing. Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 7(11), 19-32.
Raoofi, S., Hoon Tan, B. & Heng Chan, S. (2012). Self-efficacy in Second/Foreign Language Learning Contexts. English Language Teaching, 5(11), 60-73.
Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231.
Tanaka, K. and Ellis, R. (2003). Study abroad, language proficiency, and learner beliefs about language learning. JALT Journal, 25, 63–85.
Tilfarlioglu, Y. F. (2009). Self-Efficacy in EFL: Differences Among Proficiency Groups and Relationship with Success. Novitas-Royal, 3(2), 129-142.
Tilfarlio?lu, F. T., & Ciftci, F. S. (2011). Supporting Self-efficacy and Learner Autonomy in Relation to Academic Success in EFL Classrooms (A Case Study). Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(10), 1284-1294. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4304/tpls.1.10.1284-1294
Wang, J., Spencer, K., & Xing, M. (2009). Metacognitive beliefs and strategies in learning Chinese as a foreign language. System, 37, 46.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2008.05.001
Williams, M. (1994). Motivation in foreign and second language learning: An Integrative Perspective. Educational and Child Psychology, 11, 77-84.
Woolfolk, A.E., & Hoy, W.K. (1990). Prospective teachers’ sense of efficacy about control. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 81–91.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022- 0663.82.1.81
Yang, N. D. (1999). The relationship between EFL learners’ beliefs and learning strategy use. System, 27, 515-35.
Yilmaz, C. (2010). The relationship between language learning strategies, gender, proficiency and self-efficacy beliefs: a study of ELT learners in Turkey. Procedia Social and Behavioural, 2, 682–687.
Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E, & Hills, G. E. (2005). The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272. In Iskandari, M. T. & Sanusi, M. Z. (2011). Assessing the Effects of Self-Efficacy and Task Complexity on Internal Control Audit Judgment. AAMJAF, 7 (1), 29–52, 2011.
Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 329-339.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of Self-regulation (13-39). San Diego: Academic Press. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012109890-2/50031-7
Downloads
Published
2018-10-30
How to Cite
Sazegar, Z., Ashraf, H., & Motallebzadeh, K. (2018). Validation of an EFL learner’s self-efficacy questionnaire using the Rasch model. Amazonia Investiga, 7(16), 23–36. Retrieved from https://www.amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/369
Issue
Section
Articles
.gif)
