Polio vaccination in Balochistan: Issues and challenges
Keywords:
Poliomyelitis, Health, Balochistan, eradication campaign.
Abstract
Like the condition of security and governance, health is also a major concern for Pakistan and there is a large population on an already insufficient medical treatment structure to cater for. Amongst various other diseases prevalent in Pakistan Poliomyelitis is one of the key concerns of the country with respect to medical situation. This research investigates the reasons behind the rejection of polio drops in Balochistan; weaknesses and efficiency of the polio eradication campaign and effects of cross-border movement and its governance between Afghanistan and Pakistan on the efficacy of the campaigns. The findings suggest that illiteracy, lack of motivation, religious interpretations, governance and security are the major challenges to the polio campaigns in the context of Balochistan.
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References
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Kingdon, J. W., & Thurber, J. A. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies (Vol. 45, pp. 165-169). Boston: Little, Brown.
Lipsky M. 1980. Street-level bureaucracy: dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Mushtaq, A., Mehmood, S., Rehman, M. A. U., Younas, A., Rehman, M. S. U., Malik, M. F., & Hyder, M. Z. (2015). Polio in Pakistan: Social constraints and travel implications. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 13(5), 360-366.
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Obregón, R., Chitnis, K., Morry, C., Feek, W., Bates, J., Galway, M., & Ogden, E. (2009). Achieving polio eradication: a review of health communication evidence and lessons learned in India and Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 624–630. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0042-96862009000800020.
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Sabatier PA (ed.). 1999. Theories of the policy process. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Shah. F., (2016), Defeating Polio, Dawn, 24 April, 2016, https://www.dawn.com/news/1253995/defeating-polio.
Tiefengraber, D. (2016). Non-state actors & global health: eradicating polio in Pakistan. Barcelona Institute for Global Health. Available at: Http://Www. Isglobal. Org/Documents/10179/25254/15. Eradicating+ Polio+ In+ Pakistan. Pdf/639c1179-2694-4e39-82ab-F978631141ea. Accessed January, 2.
Akhunzada, Z. U., Alam, J., & Zeb, S. (2015). Community Response Towards Polio Vaccination Campaigns In Tehsil Takht E Nasrati of District Karak. Isra Medical Journal, 7(2), 87-90.
Baumgartner, F. R., & Jones, B. D. (2010). Agendas and instability in American politics. University of Chicago Press.
Closser, S. (2010). Chasing polio in Pakistan: why the world's largest public health initiative may fail. Vanderbilt University Press.
Dye T. 2001. Top down policy making. New York & London: Chatham House.
Fetene, N. W. (2013). Determinant factors for implementing polio eradication activities under security compromised settings of Pakistan. Journal of Tropical Diseases & Public Health.
Gilson, L., & Raphaely, N. (2008). The terrain of health policy analysis in low and middle income countries: a review of published literature 1994–2007. Health policy and planning, 23(5), 294-307.
Government of Pakistan, (2014), Endorsement of National Emergency Action Plan 2014 for Polio Eradication, http://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/5.2_10IMB.pdf.
Guth, R. A. (2010). Gates rethinks his war on polio. The Wall Street Journal, 3.
Hill MJ, Hupe PL. 2002. Implementing public policy: governance in theory and practice. London: Sage.
Ingram, H., Schneider, A. L., & DeLeon, P. (2007). Social construction and policy design. Theories of the policy process, 2, 93-126.
Javaid, U. (2010). Concerns of Balochistan: Effects and Implications on Federation of Pakistan. Journal of Political Studies, 17(2), 113.
Khowaja, A. R., Khan, S. A., Nizam, N., Omer, S. B., & Zaidi, A. (2012). Parental perceptions surrounding polio and self-reported non-participation in polio supplementary immunization activities in Karachi, Pakistan: a mixed methods study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 90(11), 822-830.
Kingdon, J. W., & Thurber, J. A. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies (Vol. 45, pp. 165-169). Boston: Little, Brown.
Lipsky M. 1980. Street-level bureaucracy: dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Mushtaq, A., Mehmood, S., Rehman, M. A. U., Younas, A., Rehman, M. S. U., Malik, M. F., & Hyder, M. Z. (2015). Polio in Pakistan: Social constraints and travel implications. Travel medicine and infectious disease, 13(5), 360-366.
Nishtar, S. (2010). Pakistan, politics and polio. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88(2), 159-160.
Obregón, R., Chitnis, K., Morry, C., Feek, W., Bates, J., Galway, M., & Ogden, E. (2009). Achieving polio eradication: a review of health communication evidence and lessons learned in India and Pakistan. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 624–630. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0042-96862009000800020.
Reich, M. R. (1995). The politics of agenda setting in international health: child health versus adult health in developing countries. Journal of International Development, 7(3), 489-502.
Sabatier PA (ed.). 1999. Theories of the policy process. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Shah. F., (2016), Defeating Polio, Dawn, 24 April, 2016, https://www.dawn.com/news/1253995/defeating-polio.
Tiefengraber, D. (2016). Non-state actors & global health: eradicating polio in Pakistan. Barcelona Institute for Global Health. Available at: Http://Www. Isglobal. Org/Documents/10179/25254/15. Eradicating+ Polio+ In+ Pakistan. Pdf/639c1179-2694-4e39-82ab-F978631141ea. Accessed January, 2.
Published
2018-12-27
How to Cite
Khan, I., & Alamgir, A. (2018). Polio vaccination in Balochistan: Issues and challenges. Amazonia Investiga, 7(17), 261-271. Retrieved from https://www.amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/354
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