Intentional destruction or damage of objects of plant life as a crime under the law of Ukraine and other European countries: cross-jurisdictional analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2024.75.03.25Keywords:
crime, environment, flora, damage, intent.Abstract
The key goal of this research paper is to analyze the specific features of legislative construction of Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in particular, the method of statutory reflection of the elements of the subject matter and subjective side of this criminal wrongful act used therein, and also to study the relevant European experience. This will enable to develop proposals aimed at improving the provisions of current national criminal legislation, which are intended to guarantee the protection of flora by means of Ukrainian criminal law.
In the course of relevant comparative legal research and formulation of conclusions, the author used a number of different scientific methods of cognition, in particular: modeling, comparative, dialectical, systemic as well as statistical methods.
A conclusion has been reached that the newer version of the criminal law norm under study should, firstly, retain criminal liability for trespass to any type of vegetation, and not only violations relating to forests, and secondly, within its framework, liability for a) encroachment not only on green spaces around settlements, along railways, but also on any other green spaces, including those not located in appropriate places; b) destruction/damage of vegetation on lands of any category from among those provided for by the Land Code of Ukraine.
In addition, the authors argue that it is necessary to establish penalties for intentional and negligent destruction of flora that differ in severity, which is explained by the significantly different degree of public harmfulness.
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References
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Gavrysh, S. (2002). Criminal environmental protection in Ukraine: issues of theory, application and development of criminal legislation. Institute of Legislation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/kMa2Rs
Havronyuk, M. (2013). Scientific understanding of legal doctrine and criminal legislation of foreign countries. Bulletin of the Criminal Law Association of Ukraine, 1, 298-347. Retrieved from: https://acortar.link/XAdkya
Kamensky, D., Dudorov, O., Savchenko, A., Movchan, R., & Danylevska, Y. (2023). Criminal liability for humanitarian aid embezzlement during war: The case of Ukraine: Responsabilidad penal por malversación de ayuda humanitaria durante la guerra: el caso de Ucrania. Cuestiones Políticas, 41(77), 760-776. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4177.50
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Matviychuk, V. (2016). The importance of distinguishing crimes against the natural environment from similar administrative and legal torts. Legal science, 8, 43-56
Model Criminal Code for member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated February 17, 1996. Retrieved from: https://continent-online.com/Document/?doc_id=30074120#pos=0;0
Movchan, R. (2021). Criminal liability for crimes in the field of land relations: legislation, doctrine, practice. monograph. “Tvori” LLC, Vinnytsia, Ukraine. Retrieved from: https://jmonographs.donnu.edu.ua/article/view/8559
Movchan, R. (2023a). Differentiation of criminal liability for intentional and negligent destruction or damage to objects of plant life: foreign experience, national perspectives. Electronic scientific publication “Analytical and comparative jurisprudence”, 4, 352-357. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.59
Movchan, R. (2023b). Criminal and administrative responsibility for the destruction or damage of objects of the plant world: problems of demarcation. Scientific and information bulletin of the Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi. Law series, 16, 266-277. https://doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2023.15.27.2.266-277
Movchan, R., Dudorov, O., Kamensky, D., Vozniuk, A., & Babanina, V. (2022). Criminal liability for illegal mining: analysis of legislative novelties. Scientific Bulletin of National Hirnichoho University, 5, 116-121. https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-5/116
Movchan, R., Kamensky, D., Pysmenskyy, Y., Dudorov, O., & Prokofieva-Yanchylenko, D. (2023). Protection of the environment under the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine and the European criminal law: a comparative study. Amazonia Investiga, 12(64), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.64.04.6
Movchan, R., Vozniuk, A., Burak, M., Areshonkov, V., & Kamensky, D. (2021). Criminal law counteraction to land pollution in the EU countries: searching for the optimal model. Amazonia Investiga, 10(42), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.42.06.2
Myroshnychenko, V., Kamensky, D., Lysenko, T., Makarenko, T., & Petiahina, I. (2024).“Defense of Ukraine” degree program for future school teachers: a new element of ukrainian higher education. Revista Eduweb, 18(1), 190-203. https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2024.18.01.14
Okuyucu Ergün, G. (2021). Environmental Criminal Law in The European Union. Ankara University Faculty of Law Journal, 70(3), 909-924.
Oliynychuk, R. (2021). Features of the investigation of the destruction or damage of plant world objects. Actual Problems of Law, 2, 171-175. https://doi.org/10.35774/app2021.02.171
Turlova Yu. A. (2015). Problems of criminalization of crimes against the environment in Ukraine. National legal journal: theory and practice, 2/1(12), 120-125. Retrieved from: http://www.jurnaluljuridic.in.ua/archive/2015/2/part_1/26.pdf
Berdnik, I. (2018). The main guidelines for distinguishing certain crimes that encroach on water resources from administrative offenses. Comparative and analytical law, 2, 285-289
Campbell, F. (1988). Legal Protection of Plants in the United States. Pace Environmental Law Review, 1(6), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.58948/0738-6206.1382
Case No. 366/2908/19. Crimes against the environment; Destruction or damage to plant life objects. Irpinsky Municipal Court of the kyiv Region, 2022. Retrieved from https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/105911258
Case No. 713/1215/22. Crimes against the environment; Destruction or damage to plant life objects. Vyzhnytskyi District Court of the Chernivtsi Region, 2022b. Retrieved from https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/108178030
Case No. 1317/1852/2012. Crimes against the environment; Destruction or damage to plant life objects. Radekhiv District Court of the Lviv Region, 2012. Retrieved from https://reyestr.court.gov.ua/Review/28599626
Code of Ukraine on Administrative offenses No. 8074-10 dated December 7, 1984. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/80731-10#Text
Cohen, M. (1992). Environmental Crime and Punishment: Legal/Economic Theory and Empirical Evidence on Enforcement of Federal Environmental Statutes. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 82(4), 1054-1108. https://doi.org/10.2307/1143716
Criminal Code of Albania No. 7491 dated April 29, 1991. Retrieved from: https://sq.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kodi_Penal
Criminal Code of Austria dated January 23, 1974. Retrieved from: https://acortar.link/YLtSfd
Criminal Code of Bulgaria No. 26 dated May 1, 1968. Retrieved from: https://lex.bg/laws/ldoc/1589654529
Criminal Code of Denmark No. 976 dated September 17, 2019. Retrieved from: https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2020/1650
Criminal Code of Estonia dated June 6, 2001. Retrieved from: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/123122014016
Criminal Code of Georgia No. 2287-rs dated July 22, 1999. Retrieved from: https://www.policinglaw.info/assets/downloads/Criminal_Code_of_Georgia.pdf
Criminal Code of Germany dated November 13, 1998. Retrieved from: https://acortar.link/xOKmBx
Criminal Code of Italy No. 1398 dated October 19, 1930. Retrieved from: https://www.brocardi.it/codice-penale/
Criminal Code of Latvia dated June 17, 1998. Retrieved from: https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=88966
Criminal Code of Norway dated May 20, 2005. Retrieved from: https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2005-05-20-28
Criminal Code of Portugal No. 48/95 dated March 15, 1995. Retrieved from: https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/legislacao-consolidada/decreto-lei/1995-34437675
Criminal Code of Slovakia No. 300/2005 dated May 20, 2005. Retrieved from: https://www.zakonypreludi.sk/zz/2005-300#f3204359
Criminal Code of Slovenia No. 50/12 dated May 20, 2008. Retrieved from: https://pisrs.si/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO5050
Criminal Code of Spain No. 10/1995 dated November 23, 1995. Retrieved from: https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1995-25444
Criminal Code of Sweden No. 1962:700 dated December 21, 1962. Retrieved from: https://acortar.link/fsCjX7
Criminal Code of the Netherlands dated March 3, 1881. Retrieved from: https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0001854/2020-07-25
Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova No. 985-XV dated April 18, 2002. Retrieved from: https://acortar.link/sUhrmO
Criminal Code of Ukraine No. 2341-III dated April 5, 2001. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14/ed20230811#Text
Dudorov, O., Kamensky, D., Komarnytskyi, V., Komarnytskyi, M., & Movchan, R. (2014). Crimes against the environment: criminal law characteristics: a practical guide. RVV LDUVS named after E. O. Didorenko, Luhansk, Ukraine [in Ukrainian]
Dudorov, O., & Movchan, R. (2020). About directions for improvement of the mechanism of criminal law protection of the environment (for a note to the developers of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine). Bulletin of the Criminal Law Association of Ukraine, 1, 92-125
Faure, M. (2017). The Revolution in Environmental Criminal Law in Europe. Virginia Environmental Law Journal, (35), 321-356. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1765/106878
Gavrysh, S. (2002). Criminal environmental protection in Ukraine: issues of theory, application and development of criminal legislation. Institute of Legislation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/kMa2Rs
Havronyuk, M. (2013). Scientific understanding of legal doctrine and criminal legislation of foreign countries. Bulletin of the Criminal Law Association of Ukraine, 1, 298-347. Retrieved from: https://acortar.link/XAdkya
Kamensky, D., Dudorov, O., Savchenko, A., Movchan, R., & Danylevska, Y. (2023). Criminal liability for humanitarian aid embezzlement during war: The case of Ukraine: Responsabilidad penal por malversación de ayuda humanitaria durante la guerra: el caso de Ucrania. Cuestiones Políticas, 41(77), 760-776. https://doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4177.50
Kornyakova, T. (2011). Criminological principles of prevention of crimes against the environment by prosecutor’s offices: monograph. In Yure, Kyiv, Ukraine. Retrieved from: https://acortar.link/bpsPbU
Kovtun, O. (2010). Legal protection of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine: Academic manual. Precedent, Kyiv, Ukraine [in Ukrainian]
Land Code of Ukraine No. 2768-III dated October 21, 2001. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2768-14#Text
Lavorgna, A., Rutherford, C., Vaglica, V., Smith, M. J., & Sajeva, M. (2018). CITES, wild plants, and opportunities for crime. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 24, 269-288
Law of Ukraine No. 2697-VIII. On the basic principles (strategy) of the state environmental policy of Ukraine until 2030., Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2019. Retrieved from https: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2697-19#Text
Lisova, T., & Sharapova, S. (2020). Legal issues of protection of agricultural land in Ukraine at the present stage. Amazonia Investiga, 9(27), 209-216. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.27.03.22
Matviychuk, V. (2011). Theoretical and applied problems of criminal law protection of the natural environment: a monograph. National Academy of Management, Kyiv, Ukraine. Retrieved from: https://nam.kyiv.ua/files/publications/978-966-8406-46-1-monog.pdf
Matviychuk, V. (2016). The importance of distinguishing crimes against the natural environment from similar administrative and legal torts. Legal science, 8, 43-56
Model Criminal Code for member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated February 17, 1996. Retrieved from: https://continent-online.com/Document/?doc_id=30074120#pos=0;0
Movchan, R. (2021). Criminal liability for crimes in the field of land relations: legislation, doctrine, practice. monograph. “Tvori” LLC, Vinnytsia, Ukraine. Retrieved from: https://jmonographs.donnu.edu.ua/article/view/8559
Movchan, R. (2023a). Differentiation of criminal liability for intentional and negligent destruction or damage to objects of plant life: foreign experience, national perspectives. Electronic scientific publication “Analytical and comparative jurisprudence”, 4, 352-357. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.59
Movchan, R. (2023b). Criminal and administrative responsibility for the destruction or damage of objects of the plant world: problems of demarcation. Scientific and information bulletin of the Ivano-Frankivsk University of Law named after King Danylo Halytskyi. Law series, 16, 266-277. https://doi.org/10.33098/2078-6670.2023.15.27.2.266-277
Movchan, R., Dudorov, O., Kamensky, D., Vozniuk, A., & Babanina, V. (2022). Criminal liability for illegal mining: analysis of legislative novelties. Scientific Bulletin of National Hirnichoho University, 5, 116-121. https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-5/116
Movchan, R., Kamensky, D., Pysmenskyy, Y., Dudorov, O., & Prokofieva-Yanchylenko, D. (2023). Protection of the environment under the draft Criminal Code of Ukraine and the European criminal law: a comparative study. Amazonia Investiga, 12(64), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.64.04.6
Movchan, R., Vozniuk, A., Burak, M., Areshonkov, V., & Kamensky, D. (2021). Criminal law counteraction to land pollution in the EU countries: searching for the optimal model. Amazonia Investiga, 10(42), 15-23. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.42.06.2
Myroshnychenko, V., Kamensky, D., Lysenko, T., Makarenko, T., & Petiahina, I. (2024).“Defense of Ukraine” degree program for future school teachers: a new element of ukrainian higher education. Revista Eduweb, 18(1), 190-203. https://doi.org/10.46502/issn.1856-7576/2024.18.01.14
Okuyucu Ergün, G. (2021). Environmental Criminal Law in The European Union. Ankara University Faculty of Law Journal, 70(3), 909-924.
Oliynychuk, R. (2021). Features of the investigation of the destruction or damage of plant world objects. Actual Problems of Law, 2, 171-175. https://doi.org/10.35774/app2021.02.171
Turlova Yu. A. (2015). Problems of criminalization of crimes against the environment in Ukraine. National legal journal: theory and practice, 2/1(12), 120-125. Retrieved from: http://www.jurnaluljuridic.in.ua/archive/2015/2/part_1/26.pdf
Published
2024-03-30
How to Cite
Movchan, R., Kamensky, D., Dudorov, O., Mamedova, S., & Holovchuk, V. (2024). Intentional destruction or damage of objects of plant life as a crime under the law of Ukraine and other European countries: cross-jurisdictional analysis. Amazonia Investiga, 13(75), 296–307. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2024.75.03.25
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