Manipulation of lexical choice aspects in the creation of stereotypes and ideas in Russian propaganda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2024.75.03.15Keywords:
propaganda materials, lexemes, lexical choice, manipulation of consciousness, propaganda, word combinations.Abstract
The aim of the research is to analyse the mechanisms of manipulation of lexical choice aspects in the creation of mass stereotypes and ideas in Russian propaganda (based on examples of the analysis of Russian mass media and blogs). The research employed the methods of quantitative, comparative, and statistical analysis. In the course of the study, results were obtained in the form of a count of lexical units used in five sources of Russian propaganda and an assessment of their meaning. The results give reason to draw a conclusion about the use of certain lexical choices (euphemisms, emotionally charged vocabulary, slogans, hate speech, historical myths and falsifications) by Russian propaganda to redefine military realities and justify the war crimes of the Russian occupation army. The academic novelty of the study is the selected various academic sources to illustrate the imperial thinking of Russian mass media correspondents. Prospects. Further research may diversify the materials for the lexical analysis of the mechanisms of Russian propaganda in mass media.
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References
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Kravchenko, O., & Fedotova, N. (2022). Language game in Internet post-folkloric texts of the Russian-Ukrainian war period. Linguistics, 2(46), 60-70. https://doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2022-2-46-60-70
Kravchenko, O., Manych, N., & Fedotova, N. (2022). Demonic images in modern Ukrainian advertising. Obraz, 3(40), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2022.3%2840%29-84-93
Lan, A. G., & Paraboni, I. (2018). Definite description lexical choice: Taking speaker's personality into account. In International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (pp. 2999-3004). Miyazaki, European Language Resources Association (ELRA). Retrieved from https://aclanthology.org/L18-1475.pdf
Lorincz, M. (2023). A ?omparative ?orpus analysis of the Russian-Ukrainian war coverage in Eastern and Western English language news release. Meet the World, (3(120)), 115-130. https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.115
Lysenko, O. (2023). Imperial nature of the Russian culture through the prism of war. Folk Art and Ethnology, 3(399), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.15407/nte2023.03.055
Miller, D. T. (2019). Topics and emotions in Russian Twitter propaganda. First Monday, 24(5). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i5.9638
Moroz, V. (2017). Networks of illusion: How Russia acts through the Internet and social networks, and how to fight this. In: Word and Wars. Ukraine Facing Kremlin Propaganda (pp. 60-69). ?yiv: ???.
Osnabrügge, M., Ash, E., & Morelli, M. (2021). Cross-domain topic classification for political texts. Political Analysis, 31, 59-80. https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2021.37
Racek, D., Davidson, B.I., Thurner, P.W., Zhu, X.X., & Kauermann, G. (2023). The politics of language choice: How the Russian-Ukrainian war influences Ukrainians' language use on Twitter. Cornell University, https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.02770
Racek, D., Davidson, B.I., Thurner, P.W., Zhu, X.X., & Kauermann, G. (2024). The Russian war in Ukraine increased Ukrainian language use on social media. Communications Psychology, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-023-00045-6
Renchka, I. Y. (2018). Changes in the semantics of the lexicial units of economic sphere in the modern Ukrainian interpretative lexicography. Language: Classic ? Modern – Postmodern, 4, 111-128. https://doi.org/10.18523/lcmp2522-92812018156157
Renchka, I. Y. (2020). Language behavior and language firmness of Ukrainians under Russian-Ukrainian war (After the novel “Daughter” by Tamara Gorikha Zernia). Ukrainian Mozha, 3, 75-91. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2020.03.075
Rg.Ru. (2024). Rogov: In Kyiv-controlled Zaporozhye, signs in Russian are being changed. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/HsJjQ3
Roman, N., Wanta, W., & Buniak, I. (2017). Information wars: Eastern Ukraine military conflict coverage in the Russian, Ukrainian and U.S. newscasts. International Communication Gazette, 79(4), 357-378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516682138
Shaparenko, O. (2022). Sociolinguistic peculiarities of frames of Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022. Current Issues of Foreign Philology, 16, 207–214. https://doi.org/10.32782/2410-0927-2022-16-30
Solopova, V., Popescu, O.-I., Benzmüller, C., & Landgraf, T. (2023). Automated multilingual detection of pro-Kremlin propaganda in newspapers and Telegram posts. Spectrum database, 23, 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13222-023-00437-2
Stankova, S. (2023). The mainstream media discourse in the first week of the Ukrainian war (24 February 2022 – 2 March 2022). In Communication and Media of the 21st Century: Educational and Professional Challenges (pp. 251-271). https://doi.org/10.60060/kzvy1409
S?uta, H. (2019). Precedent statements in contemporary Ukrainian political rhetoric. Culture of the Word, 90, 120-131. https://doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2019.90.11
S?uta, H. (2022). Language is our weapon: New meanings of old metaphor during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Culture of the Word, 97. https://doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2022.97.8
Tavria. (2023). Saldo: Poles and some Jews entered into an alliance with Ukrainian nationalism. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/u3IwcQ
Telegram. (2023). ?ats and a crown on Bella Rapoport’s head. Retrieved from https://t.me/kittendances/17783
Tereshchenko, S. (2022). Semantic stylistic oppositions in recent texts of jokes on the topic of war. Culture of the Word, 96. https://doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x.2022.96.9
Tkach, A., & Tkach, M. (2023). The word as a weapon (about neologisms being a linguistic reflection of the Russia-Ukraine war). Current Issues of Social Sciences and History of Medicine, 1(35), 15-108. https://doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.1.2023.384
Zaskaleta, V. P., Gmyrya, L. V., & Minchak, ?. B. (2023). Sovereignonyms as new means to create the image of the aggressor state in the Ukrainian Internet communication. MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology, 25(2), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2022.274925
Ash, E., & Labzina, E. (2019). Does politicized media distort political discourse? Evidence from U.S. cable news channels. Center for Law & Economics Working Paper Series, 5. https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000376885
Ash, E., Gauthier, G., & Widmer, P. (2021). Text semantics capture political and economic narratives. SSRN Electronic Journal, 11, 2108.01720. https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000504025
Bozhko, I. (2022). Onym play as an element of hate speech in the context of Russian-Ukrainian War, Opera in Linguistica Ukrainiana, 29, 89-99. https://doi.org/10.18524/2414-0627.2022.29.262395
El Fallaki, E. H. (2022). Transitivity analysis of newspapers’ headlines depicting the Russian attack on Ukraine. International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies, 3(2), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v3i2.216
Erlich, A., & Garner, C. (2023). Is pro-Kremlin disinformation effective? Evidence from Ukraine. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 28(1), 5-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/19401612211045221
Fiialka, S. (2023). Figurative language of Ukrainian poetry written during the period of full-scale military aggression of the Russian Federation. Synopsis: Text, Context, Media, 29(2), 114-119. https://doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2023.2.8
Gazeta.ru. (2023). In Kyiv, they gave a forecast on the terms of joining NATO. Retrieved from https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2023/10/09/21459559.shtml
Geissler, D., Bär, D., Pröllochs, N., & Feuerriegel, S. (2023). Russian propaganda on social media during the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. EPJ Data Science, 12, 35. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-023-00414-5
Graef, A. (2023). The limits of critique: Responses to the war against Ukraine from the Russian foreign policy expert community. Journal of International Relations and Development, 26, 762-775. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41268-023-00303-4
Halich, A., Kutsevska, O., Korchagina, O., Kravchenko, O., & Fiedotova, N. (2023). The influence of social communications on the formation of public opinion of citizens during the war. Social Legal Studios, 6(3), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.32518/sals3.2023.43
Hampton, A., & Shalin, V. (2017). Sentinels of breach: Lexical choice as a measure of urgency in social media. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 59(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720817691612
Hentschel, G., & Palinska, O. (2022). The linguistic situation on the Ukrainian Black Sea coast – Ukrainian, Russian and Suržyk as “native language”, “primary code”, frequently used codes and codes of linguistic socialization during childhood. Russian Linguistics, 46, 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11185-022-09259-4
Horkusha, O. (2023). Terminological front: «Ruskiy mir» («Russian world/peace») in religious and confessional rhetoric (The science of religion perception of existential choice). Philosophical Thought, 1, 26-44. https://doi.org/10.15407/fd2023.01.026
Karpchuk, N., & Yuskiv, B. (2021). Dominating concepts of Russian Federation propaganda against Ukraine (Content and collocation analyses of Russia today). Politologija, 102(2), 116-152. https://doi.org/10.15388/Polit.2021.102.4
Komarnytska, O., & Karpushyna, M. H. (2022). Lexical-stylistic and grammatical features of English publicistic texts about Russia’s war against Ukraine (Based on material from Internet resources). International Humanitarian University Herald. Philology, 54, 55-58. https://doi.org/10.32841/2409-1154.2022.54.13
Kononenko, O. (2023). Enrichment of the lexical composition of the language during the 2022–2023 Russian-Ukrainian war. Culture of the Word, 98. https://doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2023.98.7
Kramar, N. (2023). Neologisms in the media coverage of the Russia-Ukraine war in the context of information warfare. Studies about Languages, 43, 14-28. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.43.33284
Kravchenko, O., & Fedotova, N. (2022). Language game in Internet post-folkloric texts of the Russian-Ukrainian war period. Linguistics, 2(46), 60-70. https://doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2022-2-46-60-70
Kravchenko, O., Manych, N., & Fedotova, N. (2022). Demonic images in modern Ukrainian advertising. Obraz, 3(40), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.21272/obraz.2022.3%2840%29-84-93
Lan, A. G., & Paraboni, I. (2018). Definite description lexical choice: Taking speaker's personality into account. In International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (pp. 2999-3004). Miyazaki, European Language Resources Association (ELRA). Retrieved from https://aclanthology.org/L18-1475.pdf
Lorincz, M. (2023). A ?omparative ?orpus analysis of the Russian-Ukrainian war coverage in Eastern and Western English language news release. Meet the World, (3(120)), 115-130. https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.115
Lysenko, O. (2023). Imperial nature of the Russian culture through the prism of war. Folk Art and Ethnology, 3(399), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.15407/nte2023.03.055
Miller, D. T. (2019). Topics and emotions in Russian Twitter propaganda. First Monday, 24(5). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i5.9638
Moroz, V. (2017). Networks of illusion: How Russia acts through the Internet and social networks, and how to fight this. In: Word and Wars. Ukraine Facing Kremlin Propaganda (pp. 60-69). ?yiv: ???.
Osnabrügge, M., Ash, E., & Morelli, M. (2021). Cross-domain topic classification for political texts. Political Analysis, 31, 59-80. https://doi.org/10.1017/pan.2021.37
Racek, D., Davidson, B.I., Thurner, P.W., Zhu, X.X., & Kauermann, G. (2023). The politics of language choice: How the Russian-Ukrainian war influences Ukrainians' language use on Twitter. Cornell University, https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.02770
Racek, D., Davidson, B.I., Thurner, P.W., Zhu, X.X., & Kauermann, G. (2024). The Russian war in Ukraine increased Ukrainian language use on social media. Communications Psychology, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-023-00045-6
Renchka, I. Y. (2018). Changes in the semantics of the lexicial units of economic sphere in the modern Ukrainian interpretative lexicography. Language: Classic ? Modern – Postmodern, 4, 111-128. https://doi.org/10.18523/lcmp2522-92812018156157
Renchka, I. Y. (2020). Language behavior and language firmness of Ukrainians under Russian-Ukrainian war (After the novel “Daughter” by Tamara Gorikha Zernia). Ukrainian Mozha, 3, 75-91. https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2020.03.075
Rg.Ru. (2024). Rogov: In Kyiv-controlled Zaporozhye, signs in Russian are being changed. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/HsJjQ3
Roman, N., Wanta, W., & Buniak, I. (2017). Information wars: Eastern Ukraine military conflict coverage in the Russian, Ukrainian and U.S. newscasts. International Communication Gazette, 79(4), 357-378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516682138
Shaparenko, O. (2022). Sociolinguistic peculiarities of frames of Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022. Current Issues of Foreign Philology, 16, 207–214. https://doi.org/10.32782/2410-0927-2022-16-30
Solopova, V., Popescu, O.-I., Benzmüller, C., & Landgraf, T. (2023). Automated multilingual detection of pro-Kremlin propaganda in newspapers and Telegram posts. Spectrum database, 23, 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13222-023-00437-2
Stankova, S. (2023). The mainstream media discourse in the first week of the Ukrainian war (24 February 2022 – 2 March 2022). In Communication and Media of the 21st Century: Educational and Professional Challenges (pp. 251-271). https://doi.org/10.60060/kzvy1409
S?uta, H. (2019). Precedent statements in contemporary Ukrainian political rhetoric. Culture of the Word, 90, 120-131. https://doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2019.90.11
S?uta, H. (2022). Language is our weapon: New meanings of old metaphor during the Russian-Ukrainian war. Culture of the Word, 97. https://doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2022.97.8
Tavria. (2023). Saldo: Poles and some Jews entered into an alliance with Ukrainian nationalism. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/u3IwcQ
Telegram. (2023). ?ats and a crown on Bella Rapoport’s head. Retrieved from https://t.me/kittendances/17783
Tereshchenko, S. (2022). Semantic stylistic oppositions in recent texts of jokes on the topic of war. Culture of the Word, 96. https://doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x.2022.96.9
Tkach, A., & Tkach, M. (2023). The word as a weapon (about neologisms being a linguistic reflection of the Russia-Ukraine war). Current Issues of Social Sciences and History of Medicine, 1(35), 15-108. https://doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.1.2023.384
Zaskaleta, V. P., Gmyrya, L. V., & Minchak, ?. B. (2023). Sovereignonyms as new means to create the image of the aggressor state in the Ukrainian Internet communication. MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology, 25(2), 32-43. https://doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2022.274925
Published
2024-03-30
How to Cite
Diachuk, L. (2024). Manipulation of lexical choice aspects in the creation of stereotypes and ideas in Russian propaganda. Amazonia Investiga, 13(75), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2024.75.03.15
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