Ensuring media security in the era of information globalization
Keywords:
media security, traditional media, new media, misinformation, fake content, media literacy.
Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify key threats to media security and ways of their minimization. The methods of statistical analysis, case studies, content analysis, and rating analysis were used in the article. The study established that the biggest threat to media security is the spread of misinformation. This threat is complex because of the ability to spread in multiple ways and channels using a number of tools hybridized by misinformation, including propaganda, fake news, information leakage, manipulation, falsification of media content, etc. The spread of disinformation from Russia and China is of particular concern. Case study proved that disinformation is spread in many ways, and new media only deepen this problem. The consequences of the use of disinformation are public unrest, riots, mistrust of the media, and a threat to democratic values. The main areas of ensuring media security are defined as: application of technological measures, improvement of the legislative framework at the national and international levels, improvement of media literacy of the population through appropriate educational programmes and specialized campaigns. The results of the study can be used by government officials and media content providers to improve media security.
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References
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Bahrini, R., & Qaffas, A. A. (2019). Impact of information and communication technology on economic growth: Evidence from developing countries. Economies, 7(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7010021
Bindu, G. H., Anuradha, C., & Chandra Murthy, P. S. R. (2018). A survey on multimedia content protection mechanisms. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 8(6), 4204. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4204-4211
Brody, D. C. (2019). Modelling election dynamics and the impact of disinformation. Information Geometry, 2(2), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41884-019-00021-2
Caramancion, K. M., Li, Y., Dubois, E., & Jung, E. S. (2022). The Missing Case of Disinformation from the Cybersecurity Risk Continuum: A Comparative Assessment of Disinformation with Other Cyber Threats. Data, 7(4), 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/data7040049
Colomina, C., Margalef, H. S., Youngs, R., & Jones, K. (2021). The impact of disinformation on democratic processes and human rights in the world. Brussels: European Parliament. https://acortar.link/vQgjU9
Derner, E., & Batistič, K. (2023). Beyond the Safeguards: Exploring the Security Risks of ChatGPT. arXiv:2305.08005. Cornell University. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.08005
Dhiman, D. B. (2023). Key Issues and New Challenges in New Media Technology in 2023: A Critical Review. Journal of Media & Management, 5(1), 1-4. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4387353
Gunther, R., Beck, P. A., & Nisbet, E. C. (2018). Fake news did have a significant impact on the vote in the 2016 election: Original full-length version with methodological appendix. Unpublished manuscript, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. https://acortar.link/IiWzTx
Kumar, S. (2022). Information Warfare in The Digital Era: An Analysis of The Existing Legal Framework. The New York University School of Law. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4344520
Lessenski, M. (2022). Media Literacy Index 2022. Main Findings and Possible Implications. OSI-Sofia. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/0/4/534146.pdf
Lian, S. (2009). Multimedia Content Protection Technology. In: Pagani M. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition (pp. 957-964). Hershey, New York: IGI Global. https://acortar.link/t0PBYS
Liu, L., Zhang, W., & Han, C. (2021). A survey for the application of blockchain technology in the media. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 14(5), 3143-3165.
Lublin Triangle Perspective. (2022). Resilience to disinformation. [File PDF] https://acortar.link/ZhvWVF
Marsden, C., Meyer, T., & Brown, I. (2020). Platform values and democratic elections: How can the law regulate digital disinformation?. Computer law & security review, 36, 105373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2019.105373
Nagasako, T. (2020). Global disinformation campaigns and legal challenges. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 1(1-2), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-020-00010-7
OECD. (2022). Disinformation and Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. https://acortar.link/IfqLXz
Ortiz-Ospina, E., & Roser, M. (2019). The rise of social media. Our world in data. https://ourworldindata.org/rise-of-social-media?ref=tms
Papanis, J. P., Papapanagiotou, S. I., Mousas, A. S., Lioudakis, G. V., Kaklamani, D. I., & Venieris, I. S. (2014). On the use of Attribute‐Based Encryption for multimedia content protection over Information‐Centric Networks. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 25(4), 422-435. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.2722
Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2021). The psychology of fake news. Trends in cognitive sciences, 25(5), 388-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2021.02.007
Petratos, P. N. (2021). Misinformation, disinformation, and fake news: Cyber risks to business. Business Horizons, 64(6), 763-774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.07.012
Pyrhönen, N., & Bauvois, G. (2020). Conspiracies beyond fake news. Produsing reinformation on presidential elections in the transnational hybrid media system. Sociological Inquiry, 90(4), 705-731. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12339
Rodríguez-Ferrándiz, R. (2023). An Overview of the Fake News Phenomenon: From Untruth-Driven to Post-Truth-Driven Approaches. Media and Communication, 11(2), 15-29. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i2.6315
Shen, C., Kasra, M., Pan, W., Bassett, G. A., Malloch, Y., & O’Brien, J. F. (2019). Fake images: The effects of source, intermediary, and digital media literacy on contextual assessment of image credibility online. New media & society, 21(2), 438-463. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818799526
Sousa-Silva, R. (2022). Fighting the fake: A forensic linguistic analysis to fake news detection. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law-Revue, 35(6), 2409-2433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-022-09901-w
Tan, N. (2020). Electoral management of digital campaigns and disinformation in East and Southeast Asia. Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, 19(2), 214-239. https://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2019.0599
Tandoc Jr, E. C. (2019). The facts of fake news: A research review. Sociology Compass, 13(9), e12724. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12724
Temmermans, F., Bhowmik, D., Pereira, F., & Ebrahimi, T. (2022, May). Media security framework inspired by emerging challenges in fake media and NFT. In Optics, Photonics and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications VII (Vol. 12138, pp. 185-191). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2622223
Treverton, G. F., Thvedt, A., Chen, A. R., Lee, K., & McCue, M. (2018). Addressing hybrid threats. Architectural copy AB, Bromma. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1219292/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Vraga, E. K., & Tully, M. (2021). News literacy, social media behaviors, and skepticism toward information on social media. Information, Communication & Society, 24(2), 150-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1637445
Zhang, X., Yadollahi, M. M., Dadkhah, S., Isah, H., Le, D. P., & Ghorbani, A. A. (2022). Data breach: analysis, countermeasures and challenges. International Journal of Information and Computer Security, 19(3-4), 402-442. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJICS.2022.127169
Published
2023-09-30
How to Cite
Bidzilya, Y., Snitsarchuk, L., Solomin, Y., Hetsko, H., & Rusynko-Bombyk, L. (2023). Ensuring media security in the era of information globalization. Amazonia Investiga, 12(69), 249-259. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.69.09.22
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Copyright (c) 2023 Amazonia Investiga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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