The impact of political stability on economic development after a military invasion: the experience of the countries of the Middle East and Southeast Asia
Resumo
Economic development after a military invasion depends on a number of factors led by the establishment of peace and political stability. However, the restoration of stability is a difficult test for the post-war economy because of a number of reasons, which include the destruction of institutions, conflicting interests of the government and society, violation of legitimacy, humanitarian crisis, and many others. The aim of the article is to study the ways of achieving political stability and its impact on economic development after the military invasion. The SWOT analysis and case study methods were used during the research. Using the example of Iraq and Vietnam, the appropriateness of using such advantages as the availability of a resource base, opportunities to attract international support, and effective reforms in the economic sphere in the course of post-war recovery was established. Such limitations as the reduction of human potential, the destruction of infrastructure, and the increasing public debt should be taken into account in the course of recovery. The solution to the outlined problems can be effective fight against corruption, the strengthening of the institutional component, effective reforms in the economic sphere, as well as overcoming the environmental consequences of the war and restoring the physical and mental state of the population. The role of political stability in this process is significant. The main ways to achieve it include a team of patriot reformers, increasing the transparency of government actions, conducting inclusive policies and achieving social equality and welfare.
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Referências
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Walther, O. J., & Pedersen, P. S. (2020). Rebel fragmentation in Syria’s civil war. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 31(3), 445-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2020.1726566
Warr, P. (2019). Economic development of post-war Thailand 1. In: Routledge handbook of contemporary Thailand. Routledge (pp. 36-51). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315151328-4
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Almukhtar, A. (2020). Place-identity in historic cities; The case of post-war urban reconstruction in Erbil, Iraq. In: Urban Heritage Along the Silk Roads: A Contemporary Reading of Urban Transformation of Historic Cities in the Middle East and Beyond (pp. 121-136). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22762-3_9
Amal, I. (2020). The Future of Israel - Palestinian Conflict: Either One State or Two? Global & Strategis 14(1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.14.1.2020.63-76
Brown, G., Langer, A., & Stewart, F. (2011). A typology of post-conflict environments: An overview. CRPD Working Paper, 1, 1-22. https://acortar.link/bvYOfi
Butt, A. I. (2019). Why Did the United States Invade Iraq in 2003? Security Studies, 28(2), 250-285. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2019.1551567
Dmytrenko, О. (2022). Vietnam. Study of the practices of reconstruction of countries after destruction. Institute of Analytics and Advocacy. https://acortar.link/e2uo3A
Farran, N. (2021). Mental health in Lebanon: Tomorrow's silent epidemic. Mental health & prevention, 24, 200218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2021.200218
Feinstein, Y. (2018). One flag, two rallies: Mechanisms of public opinion in Israel during the 2014 Gaza war. Social Science Research, 69, 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2017.09.008
Gleick, P. H. (2019). Water as a weapon and casualty of armed conflict: A review of recent water‐related violence in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 6(4), e1351. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1351
Hai, N. T., Dell, B., Phuong, V. T., & Harper, R. J. (2020). Towards a more robust approach for the restoration of mangroves in Vietnam. Annals of Forest Science, 77, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-020-0921-0
Hale, W. (2019). Turkey, the US, Russia, and the Syrian civil war. Insight Turkey, 21(4), 25-40. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26842776
Hassan, O. H., & Ibrahim, I. A. (2022). Post-war economics: economic problems, recovery and stability policies for the period 2000-2019 “Iraq as a model”. Entrepreneurship Journal for Finance and Business, 3(1). https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/223164
Hisari, L., & Fouseki, K. (2020). Post-war cultural heritage preservation in Kosovo: Rethinking the implementation of Ahtisaari Plan Annex V. Heritage, 3(1), 98-115. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage3010006
Ho, V. H. (2020). “Doi Moi” in Vietnam and Some Suggestions. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 8(1), 173-185. https://doi.org/10.18588/202005.00a101
Khalid, U., Okafor, L. E., & Aziz, N. (2020). Armed conflict, military expenditure and international tourism. Tourism Economics, 26(4), 555-577. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619851404
Lafta, A. A. (2019). Consumption and sociological interpretation of the economic problem in Iraq. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 9(8), 152-159. https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol9iss8/9825_Lafta_2019_E_R.pdf
Lantis, J. S. (2021). Advocacy coalitions and foreign policy change: understanding US responses to the Syrian civil war. Journal of Global Security Studies, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogaa016
Mehrl, M., & Thurner, P. W. (2021). The effect of the covid-19 pandemic on global armed conflict: Early evidence. Political Studies Review, 19(2), 286-293. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478929920940648
Mounir Moghnieh, L. (2021). Infrastructures of suffering: Trauma, Sumud and the politics of violence and aid in Lebanon. Medicine Anthropology Theory, 8(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.17157/mat.8.1.5091
Nabok, V. (2022). Iraq. Study of the practices of reconstruction of countries after destruction. Institute of Analytics and Advocacy. https://iaa.org.ua/articles/doslidzhennya-praktyk-vidnovlennya-krayin-pislya-rujnacziyi-irak/
Panchenko, V., Reznikova, N., & Ivashchenko, O. (2021). Security and innovation levers of the economic strategy in Asian countries: national instruments for gaining competitive advantages in the context of global transformations of the world system (the case of Vietnam and India). Efficient economy, 5. https://doi.org/10.32702/2307-2105-2021.5.5
Payne, A. (2020). Planning to fail: the US wars in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan; Why America loses wars: limited war and US strategy from the Korean War to the present. International Affairs, 96(2), 560–562. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaa034
Premarathna, I. (2021). Neutralism policy and non-alignment foreign policy Challenges analysis of Sri Lanka: during the post-war period in Sri Lanka. In: 5th International Conference on New Findings on Humanities and Social Sciences. Paris. https://www.dpublication.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/68-7068.pdf
Ruwanpura, K. N., Chan, L., Brown, B., & Kajotha, V. (2020). Unsettled peace? The territorial politics of roadbuilding in post-war Sri Lanka. Political geography, 76, 102092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2019.102092
The World Bank. (2023). World Bank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org/
Vo, D. H., & Ho, Ch. M. (2021). Foreign investment, economic growth, and environmental degradation since the 1986 “Economic Renovation” in Vietnam. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 29795-29805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12838-5
Vu-Thanh, T.-A. (2022). The Political Economy of Private-Sector Development in Vietnam Since Doi Moi. In: Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Vietnam. Routledge (pp. 184-202). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315762302-14
Walther, O. J., & Pedersen, P. S. (2020). Rebel fragmentation in Syria’s civil war. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 31(3), 445-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/09592318.2020.1726566
Warr, P. (2019). Economic development of post-war Thailand 1. In: Routledge handbook of contemporary Thailand. Routledge (pp. 36-51). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315151328-4
Yasiry, E. A. (2020). Post 2003’s War: US'Failure in Political and Economic Restructure of Iraq. Journal of Scientific Papers “Social Development and Security”, 10(5), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.33445/sds.2020.10.5.1
Publicado
2023-09-30
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Melnyk, Y., Dunayeva, L., Shelest, O., Shulga, M., & Ataieva, O. (2023). The impact of political stability on economic development after a military invasion: the experience of the countries of the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Amazonia Investiga, 12(69), 239-248. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.69.09.21
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