Personal data protection on the internet under martial law: The case of Ukraine
Keywords:
right to privacy, personal data, Internet protection, martial law, legal regulation.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the threats to the security of personal data on the Internet as a component of the right to privacy in the conditions of martial law, characteristics and prospects of such legal data protection in the context of Ukraine. Methodology: The study used a set of practical methods, namely: formal and legal, comparative forecasting. These methods were used to examine and classify threats to the security of personal data on the Internet under martial law conditions. Results: The study identified a number of threats to the security of personal data on the Internet under martial law conditions, including: unauthorized access to personal data, alteration or destruction of personal data, disclosure of personal data to third parties without the consent of the data owner, use of personal data for unlawful purposes. The study also examined factors that complicate data protection during cross-border sharing, including: differences in data protection laws and regulations between countries, lack of cooperation between governments on data protection, the complexity of cross-border data exchange processes. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that increasing the protection of personal data under martial law conditions requires a comprehensive approach that includes regulatory, organizational and communication measures. In particular, it is necessary to: strengthen data protection legislation under martial law conditions, develop cooperation mechanisms between governments on data protection, promote data protection education and awareness among citizens and organizations.
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References
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Commissioner of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on human rights. (2022). Regarding the protection of personal data in the conditions of martial law. [File PDF]. Retrieved from http://surl.li/gapoz
Council of Bars & Law Societies of Europe. (2019). CCBE Recommendations оn the Protection of Fundamental Rights in the Context of ‘National Security’. https://acortar.link/F4hvRt
Council of Europe. (2006). Opinion on the Protection of Human Rights in Emergency Situations adopted by the Venice Commission at its 66th Plenary Session. Retrieved from https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/CDL-AD(2006)015.aspx
Eskens, S. (2020). The personal information sphere: An integral approach to privacy and related information and communication rights. The Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 71, 1116-1128. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24354
European Commission. (2022). First report on the application of the Data Protection Regulation for European Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies (Regulation 2018/1725). Retrieved from https://acortar.link/PxrVBo
European Parliament and of the Council. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
European Union. (2012). Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Official Journal of the European Union, C326, 391-407. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/jAkrP9
Farinpour, R. (2021). A snapshot of recent developments regarding EU counerterrorism policies and legislation. ERA Forum, 22, 363–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-021-00694-2
GDPR.EU. (2018). What are the GDPR Fines? Retrieved from https://gdpr.eu/fines/
GIP Digital Watch. (n.d.). Privacy and data protection. Retrieved from https://dig.watch/topics/privacy-and-data-protection
Hadjiyianni, I (2021). The European Union as a Global Regulatory Power. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 41(1), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqaa042
Harvard Online Course. (2023). Data Privacy and Technology. Retrieved from http://surl.li/htlxb
Hobokena van, J., & Fathaigh, R. Ó. (2021). Smartphone platforms as privacy regulators. Computer Law & Security Review, 41, 105557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105557
Hörnle, J. (2019). Juggling more than three balls at once: multilevel jurisdictional challenges in EU Data Protection Regulation. International Journal of Law and Information Technology, 27(2), 142-170. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaz002
International Organization for Migration. (2010). IOM Data Protection Manual. Retrieved from https://publications.iom.int/books/iom-data-protection-manual
Jørgensen, R. F. (Ed.). (2019). Human rights in the age of platforms. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Kaurin, D. (2019). Data Protection and Digital Agency for Refugees. World Refugee Council Research Paper, 12.
Killam, E. W. (1989). Martial Law in Times of Civil Disorder. Law and Order, 37(9), 44-47. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/nQK5Km
Kuner, Ch., & Marelli, M. (Eds.). (2020). Handbook on Data Protection in Humanitarian Action. 2nd ed. International Committee of the Red Cross. https://acortar.link/beIY7q
Law of Ukraine No. 2297-VI. On the protection of personal. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, dated June 1, 2010. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2297-17#Text
Law No. 2939-VI. On access to public information. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, as of October 8, 2023. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2939-17#Text
Law No. 389-VIII. On the legal regime of martial law. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, as of October 19, 2023. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/389-19#Text
López, M. L. V. (2022). Spanish criminal procedure examined: successes, opportunities and failures in the adaptation to EU requirements. ERA Forum, 23, 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12027-022-00698-6
McKay, C. (2018). Complying with International Data Protection Law. University of Cincinnati Law Review, 84(2), Art. 4. Retrieved from https://scholarship.law.uc.edu/uclr/vol84/iss2/4
Mendoza, M. A. (2017). Challenges and implications of cybersecurity legislation. Welivesecurity. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/L0eRW8
Pollicino, O. (2021). Digital Private Powers Exercising Public Functions: The Constitutional Paradox in the Digital Age and its Possible Solutions. ECHR. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/6Yc7DJ
OECD Legal Instruments. (1980). Recommendation of the Council concerning Guidelines Governing the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data. Retrieved from https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0188
Singh, K. (2023). Microsoft to pay $20 million to settle US charges for violating children's privacy. Reuters. Retrieved from https://acortar.link/nruAaL
UN Commission on Human Rights. (1998). Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General, Mr. Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission resolution 1997/39. Addendum: Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement. E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/docid/3d4f95e11.html
UN General Assembly. (2013). The right to privacy in the digital age. Retrieved from https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/764407#record-files-collapse-header
United Nations. (2010). National Human Rights Institutions History, Principles, Roles and Responsibilities. New York: Geneva.
Urquhart, L., Sailaja, N., & McAuley, D. (2018). Realising the right to data portability for the domestic Internet of things. Pers Ubiquit Comput, 22, 317-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-017-1069-2
Veselovska, N., Krushynskyi, S., Kravchuk, O., Punda, O., & Piskun, I. (2022). Criminal and Legal Countermeasures against Cybercrime in the Conditions of Martial Law. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 22(12), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2022.22.12.11
Yuming, L. (Ed). (2019). Data Rights Law 1.0: The Theoretical Basis Key Laboratory of Big Data Strategy. Peter Lang Ltd.
Zhalimas, D. (2019). Balancing National Security and Human Rights: Current Regional Challenges. In: Human rights and national security: the role of the body of constitutional jurisdiction: a collection of materials of the international scientific and practical conference (pp. 82-84). Kyiv: VAITE. https://ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/prava_lyudyny_i_nac._bezpeka_0_0.pdf
Published
2023-09-30
How to Cite
Onyshchenko, S., Burbii, A., Boikov, A., Riabiy, S., & Korniiko, S. (2023). Personal data protection on the internet under martial law: The case of Ukraine. Amazonia Investiga, 12(69), 204-215. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.69.09.18
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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