Emotions and the archaic consciousness of man: a diachronic semantic reconstruction of the names of emotions in English
Keywords:
diachronic semantic reconstruction, emotion, mental image, sign, symbol.
Abstract
This paper works with the diachronic depth of concepts in national worldview, and is a piece of panchronic research that respects the stages in evolution of human consciousness, as it looks at diachronic depth of emotion concepts in English worldview, in the case of diachronic semantic reconstruction of the nouns fear, sadness, happiness, and serenity that in Modern English manifest the FEAR, SADNESS, HAPPINESS, and SERENITY concepts.
Etymons of the nouns were identified in Old English as fær, hæp, sæd, and in Old French as serenité. These etymons are words, and also are signs for certain phenomena on the map of archaic world represented in the mind; these signs were reconstructed via etymological analyses from the Proto-Indo-European archetypes *pēr-, *kap-, *sá-, and *ksero-. Next, the archaic images that came to motivate the words fær, hæp, sæd, and serenité at the time of creation were reconstructed and shown via etymological interpretations organized into matrices relative to sacred rituals of pagans in whose mind the world was represented with the help of images as symbols for certain phenomena of this world. Interpretations within each matrix unfold into a mythical story narrated with reference to symbolism of pagan rituals in the archaic worldview.
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References
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Gebser, J. (1986). The ever-present origin. Ohio: Ohio University Press.
Grace, G.W. (1987). The linguistic construction of reality. Oxfordshire: Routledge Library Editions.
Győri, G., & Hegedűs, I. (2012). A cognitive approach to the methodology of semantic reconstruction: the case of Eng. chin and knee. In K. Allan, & J.A. Robinson (Eds.), Current Methods in Historical Semantics, 313-333. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110252903.313
Kaup, B., Ulrich, R., Bausenhart, K.M., Bryce, D., Butz, M., Dignath, D., Dudschig, C., Franz, V.H., Friedrich, C., Gawrilow, C., Heller, J., Huff, M., Hütter, M., Janczyk, M., Leuthold, H., Mallot, H., Nürk, H.-Ch., Ramscar, M., Said, N., Svaldi, J., & Wong, H.Y. (2022). Modal and amodal cognition: an overarching principle in various domains of psychology. Unpublished preprint. http://dx.doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fz85n
Korolyova, A.V. (2014). Cognitive languacomparative historical linguistics: from the reconstruction of proto-language forms to the reconstruction of the structures of consciousness. Messenger of KNLU. Series Philology, 17(2), 94-101. [In Ukrainian]. https://acortar.link/ht0o0T
Kövecses, Z. (2002). Metaphor: a practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kubryakova, E.S. (2004). Language and knowledge. Moscow: Languages of the Slavic culture. [In Russian]. https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01002416335
Kumar, S., Sumers, Th.R., Yamakoshi, T., Goldstein, A., Hasson, U., Norman, K.A., Griffiths, T.L., Hawkins, R.D., & Nastase, S.A. (2022). Shared functional specialization in transformer-based language models and the human brain. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Unpublished preprint. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.08.495348
Losev, A.F. (1976). The problem of the sign and realistic art. Moscow: Art. [In Russian].
Losev, A.F. (1982). Sign. Symbol. Myth. Moscow: Moscow University Press. [In Russian]. https://vk.com/wall-61771654_11178
Lotman, Yu. (1992). Selected papers in three volumes. Volume 1. Papers on semiotics and typology of culture. Tallinn: Aleksandra. [In Russian]. https://elar.urfu.ru/handle/10995/47
Makovsky, M. (2012). The phenomenon of TABU in the traditions and in the language of Indo-Europeans: the nature, forms, and development. Moscow: The LIBROKOM Book House. [In Russian].
Meletinsky, E.M. (1995). The poetics of myth. Moscow: Eastern literature. [In Russian].
Potebnya, A.A. (1892). Thought and language. Kharkiv: Adolf Darre’s Typography. [In Russian, pre-reform orthography]. https://acortar.link/I0XNyV
Propp, V.Ya. (2001). Morphology of the magical fairy-tale. Moscow: Labyrinth. [In Russian].
Shevchenko, I.S. (2000). On the historical development of the cognitive and pragmatic aspects of discourse. Kharkiv National University Bulletin, (471), 300-307. [In Russian].
Scherer, K.R. (2005). What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information, 44(4), 695-729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018405058216
Toporov, V.N. (1960). On some of the theoretical foundations of etymological analysis. Issues in Linguistics, 3, 49-57. [In Russian].
Trubachev, O.N. (1980). Reconstruction of words and meanings. Issues in Linguistics, 3, 3-14. [In Russian]. https://acortar.link/gno2oX
Vakhovska, O.V. (2021). Metaphors of emotions: towards a data-driven formalization. Messenger of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology, 24(1), 33-48. DOI: 10.32589/2311-0821.1.2021.236030
Vakhovska, O.V. (2022а). The sin of the translator: on words and mental images in translation. Amazonia Investiga, 11(54), 178-188. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2022.54.06.17
Vakhovska, O.V. (2022b). Must the pot of seven holes be a translation theorist’s riddle? KELM Knowledge, Education, Law, Management, 4(48), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.51647/kelm.2022.4.19
Vakhovska, O.V., & Isaienko, O.M. (2021). Language, culture, and image-driven interpretations in translation: a case for the university translation classroom in Ukraine. Amazonia Investiga, 10(47), 240-249. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.47.11.25
Vakhovska, O.V., & Jusuk, F.F. (2021). Image-driven interpretations in professional communicative mediation: bringing translation and psychotherapy together. Science and Education a New Dimension. Humanities and Social Sciences, 48(261), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.31174/SEND-HS2021-261IX48-11
Vasko, R.V. (2019). Semiotic and culturological passportization of numeric phraseosymbols. Logos, (98), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.24101/logos.2019.10
Winters, M.E., Tissari, H., & Allan, K. (Eds.). (2010). Historical cognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguistics research. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Zaliznyak, A.A. (2006). Polysemy in language and the ways of its representation. Moscow: Languages of Slavic cultures. [In Russian].
Zhabotynska, S.A. (2010). A cognitive linguistic approach to the process of naming. Messenger of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series Romance and Germanic Languages. Foreign Language Teaching, 928(63), 6-21. [In Russian]. https://periodicals.karazin.ua/foreignphilology/issue/view/27/214
Zhabotynska, S.A. (2012). Cognitive mapping as a linguosemiotic factor. Functional Linguistics: A Collection of Papers, (3), 179-182 [In Russian].
Lexicographic sources
Berneker, E. (1908-1913). Slavic etymological dictionary. Heidelberg: Carl Winter's University Bookstore. [In German].
Brugmann, K. (1892). Indo-European research: journal of Indo-European linguistics and ancient studies. Strassburg: Karl J. Trubner, The Publisher. [In German].
Brückner, A. (1927). An etymological dictionary of the Polish language. Kraków: Krakow Publishing Company. [In Polish].
Kipfer, B.A. (Ed.). (2022). Roget's international thesaurus, 8th Edition. Collins Reference.
Levitsky, V. (2010). An etymological dictionary of the Germanic languages: In 3 volumes. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyga. [In Russian]. http://www.library.univ.kiev.ua/ukr/elcat/new/detail.php3?doc_id=1472060
Makovsky, M. (1992). A linguistic genetics: issues of the word’s ontogenesis in the Indo-European languages. Moscow: Science. [In Russian]. https://djvu.online/file/9lsF48S8oOGwI
Makovsky, M. (1996). A comparative dictionary of mythological symbolism in the Indo-European languages: an image of the world and the worlds of images. Moscow: The VLADOS Humanitarian Publishing Center. [In Russian].
Makovsky, M. (2000). A historic and etymological dictionary of the Modern English language: the word in the mirror of human culture. Moscow: The Dialogue Publishing House. [In Russian].
Makovsky, M. (2004). An etymological dictionary of the Modern German language: the word in the mirror of human culture. Moscow: Alphabet book. [In Russian]
Melnichuk, O. (Ed.). (1982). An etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 7 volumes. Kyiv: Scientific thought. [In Ukrainian]. http://resource.history.org.ua/item/0007831
Miklosich, F. (1886). An etymological dictionary of the Slavic languages. Wien: Wilhelm Braumüller, The Publisher. [In German].
Onions, C. (Ed.). (1966). The Oxford dictionary of English etymology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Preobrazhensky, A. (1959). An etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Moscow: The State Publishing House of Foreign and National Dictionaries. [In Russian].
Sementsov, V. (2017). Glagol. A dictionary of root words. Saint Petersburg: The Orthodox pedagogical community of Saint Petersburg. [In Russian]. https://pervobraz.ru/
Vasmer, M. (1964-1973). An etymological dictionary of the Russian language. Moscow: Progress. [In Russian]. https://lexicography.online/etymology/vasmer/
Published
2023-09-30
How to Cite
Vakhovska, O. (2023). Emotions and the archaic consciousness of man: a diachronic semantic reconstruction of the names of emotions in English. Amazonia Investiga, 12(69), 194-203. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.69.09.17
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