Transformation of labour relations in the field of education during military conflicts (International experience)
Keywords:
workers’ rights, integration of refugees, educational processes, recognition of qualifications, pedagogical innovations, martial law.
Abstract
Ongoing military conflicts necessitate changes in the regulation of labor relations in the education sector. Normal labor laws are partially disregarded during this period due to special wartime acts. Many education workers and students, who have become refugees, are seeking employment and opportunities to continue their education. Host countries should make effective decisions to improve labor relations in this field. The research employed forecasting, observation, and legal modulation as methodological tools. The EU aims to integrate Ukrainian education workers, including refugees and those seeking legal protection, into the education systems of member states. Efforts are made to simplify employment procedures, recognize professional qualifications, and offer additional educational specializations. Poland's experience demonstrates the possibility of swift development and implementation of legislative initiatives to employ Ukrainian education workers in Polish institutions. The Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA), functioning as an ENIC-NARIC center, facilitates recognition and internationalization of higher education, assisting with the recognition of Ukrainian qualifications in Poland. Poland's legislative initiatives in transforming labor relations in the education sector amid the conflict in Ukraine can serve as an example for other nations. Ukraine has developed and implemented necessary components of legal regulation for labor relations in the studied area during martial law.
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References
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Andrushko, A. (2022). Labor relations during martial law. Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University. Series: Law, 1(73). http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.73.24
Arendt, J.N. (2022). Labor market effects of a work-first policy for refugees. Journal of Population Economics, 35, 169–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00808-z
Bird, N., & Amaglobeli, D. (2022). Policies to Address the Refugee Crisis in Europe Related to Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine. International Monetary Fund. Recovered from https://acortar.link/Y98LN7
Bortnyk, S. M. (2022a). The current state of legal regulation of labor relations in Ukraine. Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, 98(3), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.32631/v.2022.3.05
Bortnyk, S. M. (2022b). To the question on the peculiarities of the legal regulation of labor relations in the martial law conditions. Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, 97(2), 106-117. https://doi.org/10.32631/v.2022.2.09
Brücker, H., Goßner, L., Hauptmann, A., Jaschke, P., Kassam, K., Kosyakova, Y., & Stepanok, I. (2022). The Consequences of the Ukraine War for Migration and Integration: A First Assessment. IAB research report, no. 2/2022, Institute for Labor Market and Vocational Research (IAB), Nuremberg. https://doi.org/10.48720/IAB.FB.2202
Chhugani, K., Frolova, A., Salyha, Y., Fiscutean, A., Zlenko, O., Reinsone, S., ... & Mangul, S. (2022). Remote opportunities for scholars in Ukraine. Science, 378(6626), 1285–1286. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adg0797
De Coninck, D. (2022). The Refugee Paradox During Wartime in Europe: How Ukrainian and Afghan Refugees are (not) Alike. International Migration Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183221116874
Decree 2022/554. Commission Recommendation (EU) on the recognition of qualifications for people fleeing Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Access to European Union law of 05.04.2022. Recovered from http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2022/554/oj
Decree 2136-IX. On the organization of labor relations under martial law. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, from 19.07.2022. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2136-20#Text
Decree No. 2145-VIII. On Education. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, from 01.01.2023. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2145-19#Text
Decree No. 2352-IX. On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Optimizing Labor Relations. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, from 01.07.2022. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2352-IX#Text
Decree No. 322-VIII. The Labour Code of Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, from 27.01.2023. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/322-08#Textвязковості
Decree No. 3543-XII. About mobilization training and mobilization. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, from 04.12.2022. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3543-12#Text
Decree No. 389-VIII. On the legal regime of martial law. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, from 29.09.2022. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/389-19#Text
Decree No. 64/2022. On the introduction of martial law in Ukraine. The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, from 14.02.2023. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/64/2022#Text
Decree DO, 2017. Education Law. Article 59. Polish Law of December 14, 2016. Retrieved from https://www.prawo.vulcan.edu.pl/przegdok.asp?qdatprz=akt&qplikid=4186
Decree OJ 2018 item 1668. Law on higher education and science. Polish Act of 20.07.2018. Recovered from https://www.dziennikustaw.gov.pl/D2018000166801.pdf
Duszczyk, M., & Kaczmarczyk, P. (2022). The War in Ukraine and Migration to Poland: Outlook and Challenges. Intereconomics, 57, 164–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-022-1053-6
Dziennik Ustaw. (1982) Act promulgating the Teachers' Charter. Recovered from https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex4.detail?p_isn=10619&p_lang=e
ENIC-NARIC. (2022). Recognition of Ukrainian Qualifications. Recovered from https://www.enic-naric.net/page-ukraine-2022
European Commission (2022) Policy guidance on supporting inclusion of Ukrainian refugees in education. Version 1. Recovered from https://acortar.link/MqWQFu
Financial Times. (2022). Wanted: tens of thousands of teachers to staff Europe’s schools. Recovered from https://www.ft.com/content/116d8c88-aa3f-426f-aeb8-c0a0325c43bb
ISAP. (2022). Polish Act of March 12, 2022 on assistance to Ukrainian citizens in connection with the armed conflict on the territory of this state. OJ 2022 pos. 583. Recovered from https://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20220000583
Kopeć, K. (2022). Migration of Ukrainian citizens to Poland caused by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Journal of Geography, Politics and Society, 12(4), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.26881/jpgs.2022.4.05
Levy, B.S., & Leaning, J. (2022). Russia’s War in Ukraine - The Devastation of Health and Human Rights. The New England Journal of Medicine. 387, 102-105. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2207415
Mashkov, K.E., Gornostay, O.B., & Tovt, T.O. (2022). Peculiarities of employment relations under conditionsof maritime: Regulatory regulation. Actual Problems of Domestic Jurisprudence, 1. https://doi.org/10.32782/392253
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. (2022). 10 key achievements in the field of professional education for 2022. Recovered from https://acortar.link/7zzByD
Ociepa-Kicińska, E., & Gorzałczyńska-Koczkodaj, M. (2022). Forms of aid provided to refugees of the 2022 Russia-Ukraine War: The case of Poland. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(12), 7085. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127085
Prytyka, Yu., Izarova, I., Maliarchuk, L., & Terekh, O. (2022). Legal challenges for Ukraine under martial law: Protection of civil, property and labour rights, right to a fair trial, and enforcement of decisions. Access to Justice in Eastern Europe, 3(15), 219–238. Doi: 10.33327/AJEE-18-5.2-n000329
Rajab, K. D. (2018). The effectiveness and potential of e-learning in war zones: An empirical comparison of face-to-face and online education in Saudi Arabia. IEEE Access, 6. 6783–6794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2800164
Shaw, S.A., Funk, M., Garlock, E. S., & Arok, A. (2021). Understanding Successful Refugee Resettlement in the US. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34, 4034–4052. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaa137
State Employment Center of Ukraine. (2023). Analytical and statistical information. The number of vacancies and the number of registered unemployed by type of economic activity in 2022 and on January 1, 2023. Recovered from https://www.dcz.gov.ua/analitics/69
Teremetskyi, V., & Vasyliev, S. (2022). Martial law: Grounds for putting into operation in Ukraine. ScienceRise: Juridical Science, 2(20), 4-7. https://doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2022.256829
Ukrinform. (2022). The russians damaged 2,600 educational institutions in Ukraine, and destroyed 406. Recovered from https://acortar.link/lVqYl1
Wu, J., Rajesh, A., Huang, Y.N., Chhugani, K., Acharya, R., Peng, K., Johnson, R. D., Fiscutean, A., Robles-Espinoza, C.D., De La Vega, F.M., Bao, R., & Mangul, S. (2022). Virtual meetings promise to eliminate geographical and administrative barriers and increase accessibility, diversity and inclusivity. Nature Biotechnology, 40(1), 133–137. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-021-01176-z
Published
2023-04-30
How to Cite
Miroshnychenko, O., Nelipa, D., Kotova, V., Lazarenko, A., & Sokorynskyi, I. (2023). Transformation of labour relations in the field of education during military conflicts (International experience). Amazonia Investiga, 12(63), 254-265. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2023.63.03.24
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