Crimes against humanity in the conditions of military conflicts of the 21st Century: The practice of international courts

Nataliia Myroshnychenko; Dmytro Baranenko; Alina Murzanovska; Zoriana Dilna; Susanna Suleimanova

doi:10.34069/AI/2022.54.06.1

Nataliia Myroshnychenko National University «Odesa Law Academy» (Ukraine). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3693-6815
Dmytro Baranenko Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding (Ukraine). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9626-9607
Alina Murzanovska National University "Odesa Law Academy", Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8645-0261
Zoriana Dilna Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-1279
Susanna Suleimanova National University «Odessa Law Academy» (Ukraine). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-5558

DOI: https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2022.54.06.1

Keywords: crimes against humanity, military conflict, international crime, war crime, armed conflict.

Abstract

Despite the existence of norms of international public law regulating the conduct of war, during military conflicts, states completely ignore the established rules of war and go beyond common sense, committing crimes against humanity, organizing terrorist acts, and other illegal acts. In conditions where violations of the norms and rules of hostilities become a trend, it is important to investigate how international humanitarian law regulates armed conflicts, as well as the practice of international courts regarding the consideration of cases of crimes against humanity in the context of military conflicts of the 21st century. The purpose of the work is to study the practice of international judicial authorities in the investigation of crimes against humanity in the context of military conflicts of the 21st century. The research methodology consists of such methods as historical-legal, system analysis method, logical-semantic method, methods of documentary analysis, critical evaluation, and comparison. As a result of the conducted research, the peculiarities of consideration of cases regarding the commission of crimes against humanity in the conditions of military conflicts of the XXI century by international judicial bodies were considered. Thus, the concept of crime against humanity, and war crime were formed, signs of such crimes were identified, and proposals were formed to improve international legislation in terms of regulating international crimes and ways to increase the effectiveness of activities to prosecute those guilty of war crimes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Nataliia Myroshnychenko, National University «Odesa Law Academy» (Ukraine).

Ph.D., Professor of the Department of Criminal Law of National University «Odesa Law Academy» (Ukraine).

Dmytro Baranenko, Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding (Ukraine).

Doctor of Legal Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Theory and History of State and Law of Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding (Ukraine).

Alina Murzanovska, National University "Odesa Law Academy", Ukraine.

Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Procedure, Detective and Investigative Activities, National University "Odesa Law Academy", Ukraine.

Zoriana Dilna, Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine.

Ph.D., Associate Professor оf the Department of Criminal and Legal Disciplines, Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine.

Susanna Suleimanova, National University «Odessa Law Academy» (Ukraine).

Ph.D., Associate Professor of the Department of Civil Procedure, National University «Odessa Law Academy» (Ukraine).

References

Baida, A. O., & Sklesz, O. A. (2019). Main problems of qualification of crimes committed under martial law. A young scientist, 4(1), 112–116. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2019-4-68-26

Beresford, A., & Wand, D. (2020). Understanding bricolage in norm development: South Africa, the International Criminal Court, and the contested politics of transitional justice. Review of International Studies, 1, 1–21. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.1017/s0260210520000224

Bilenchuk, P., Malii, M., & Kravchuk, O. (2022). Legal mechanisms for combating international crimes in the era of global electronic communication. Lex Inform website. Recovered from https://bit.ly/3IulZtX

Chervyakova, O.V. (2020). Accountability for War Crimes: Mechanisms and Processes for Restoring Ukraine's Sovereignty and Security. Law forum, 61(2), 150-162. Recovered from http://forumprava.pp.ua/files/150-162-2020-2-FP-Cherviakova_16.pdf

Council of Europe. (1950). Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Recovered from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_004#Text

Daly, S.-Z., Paler, L., & Cyrus, S. C. (2020). Wartime ties and the social logic of crime. Journal of Peace Research, 4, 536–550. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319897098

Haque, A.A. (2022). OSCE Report on War Crimes in Ukraine: Key Findings. Justice security site. Recovered from https://www.justsecurity.org/81218/the-osce-report-on-war-crimes-in-ukraine-key-takeaways-ua/

Hnatovskyi, M.M. (2017). Respect for human rights in the context of armed conflict in Ukraine. New justice website. Recovered from https://newjustice.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Report_Respect-for-HR-in-Conflict_Gnatovsky_UKR.pdf

Jazairi, R. (2015). Transitional Justice in Syria: The Role and Contribution of Syrian Refugees and Displaced Persons. Middle East Law and Governance, 7(3), 336–359. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00703002

Koval, D. O., & Avramenko, R. A. (2019). War crimes. Peculiarities of the investigation of international crimes committed in the context of the armed conflict in Donbas. Kyiv: NGO Truth Hounds. Recovered from https://bit.ly/3AIRjD7

Macdonald, A., & Porter, H. (2016). The trial of Thomas Kwoyelo: opportunity or specter? Reflections from the ground on the first LRA prosecution. Africa, 4, 698–722. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.1017/S000197201600053X

Matsko, A. S. (2005). International law. Kyiv: MAUP. Recovered from https://maup.com.ua/assets/files/lib/book/nw26.pdf

Mazur, M. V. (2020). Criminal proceedings in absentia regarding crimes related to the occupation of Crimea and the conflict in Donbas: current state and prospects for improvement. Website of the Ukrainian Helsinki Union for Human Rights. Recovered from https://bit.ly/3AJEubG

Mills, K., & Bloomfield, A. (2018). African resistance to the International Criminal Court: Halting the advance of the anti-impunity norm. Review of International Studies, 44(1), 101-127. Recovered from https://bit.ly/3c2dhqx

Murphy, C. (2020). Religion & Transitional Justice. Daedalus, 3, 185–200. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01811

Panasytska, O. (2022). They will be responsible for everything. For what war crimes against Ukraine will Russia be punished? Vox Ukraine. Recovered from https://bit.ly/3O2v7qP

Piddubna, M. V. (2016). War crimes in the criminal law of Ukraine. Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University. Law series, 40(2), 98–101. Recovered from http://old.univer.km.ua/visnyk/1720.pdf

Senatorova, O.V. (2018). Human rights and armed conflicts. Kyiv: Publishing house FOP Golembovska O.O. Recovered from https://nlu.edu.ua/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/msc_6_copy.pdf

Suprun, D. (2022). War crimes in Ukraine: in search of justice and sustainable peace. Website of the "Legal Practice" publishing house. Recovered from https://pravo.ua/voienni-zlochyny-v-ukraini-v-poshukakh-spravedlyvosti-ta-staloho-myru/

Timofeeva, L.Yu. (2022). Countering Crimes Against Humanity in the 21st Century. Journal "ScienceRise: Juridical Science", 1(19), 30-36. Recovered from https://doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2022.254036

Torosh, S.O. (2015). Regulatory and legal mechanism for regulating crimes against humanity: a historical and theoretical aspect. [File PDF] Recovered from https://science.lpnu.ua/sites/default/files/journal-paper/2017/jun/4854/torosh.pdf

United Nation. (1941). The Charter. Recovered from https://uk.upwiki.one/wiki/charter_of_the_united_nations

UNTC. (1998). Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Recovered from https://treaties.un.org/Pages/showDetails.aspx?objid=0800000280025774&clang=_en