The emotion concept of SHAME as one of the markers of social infantilism: Cross-cultural analysis based on language corpora data
Keywords:
emotion concept, shame, infantilism, language corpus, linguo-culture.
Abstract
The article presents a cross-cultural analysis of those ethnocultural features of the emotion concept of SHAME in Ukrainian, Anglo-Saxon and German linguo-cultures, which directly correlate with some national characteristics of the representatives of these linguo-cultures. It deals with the role of shame in the generation of such a social phenomenon as infantilism, since the significant spread of this phenomenon in a particular linguo-society is the basis for determining infantilism as one of the features of the national character. A comparative study of the representative corpora data of Ukrainian, English and German has revealed that Ukrainians, although a European linguo-society, belong not to guilt culture, as the Anglo-Saxons and Germans, but to shame culture, because this emotion arises in them mostly in in-groups, transforming into shame, humiliation, pangs of conscience, but not guilt. This feature of Ukrainians’ psychological type brings them closer to Eastern cultures, correlating to the greatest extent with such a criterion of cultures distinctions as collectivism–individualism. The low rate of individualism in the Ukrainian linguo-society has led to the fact that Ukrainians tend to be less responsible for their actions than Anglo-Saxons or Germans, often shifting their responsibility to external factors. The unwillingness of a large number of individuals to take responsibility indicates a certain immaturity of the society as a whole. This gives grounds to claim that the concept СОРОМ is one of the markers of social infantilism of the Ukrainian people.
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References
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D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%
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Mizin, K. & Petrov, O. (2021). Emotional State GEMÜTLICHKEIT in Cross- cultural Perspective: Corpus-based Approach. Studies about Languages / Language studies, 38, 43-60. http://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.38.26581
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Yaniv, V. (2006). Essays on the History of Ukrainian Ethnopsychology. Kyiv: Znannia. http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/ulib/item/ukr0000015046
Yushchenko, V. (2021). Exclusive Interview with N. Vlashchenko. Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FS8anF6K15U
Breslav, G.M. (2004). The Psychology of Emotions. Moscow: Smysl & Academy. Retrieved from https://gigabaza.ru/doc/92858.html
Cowen, A.S. & Keltner, D. (2017). Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 114(38), 7900-7909. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702247114
Du, S., Tao, Y., & Martinez, A.M. (2014). Compound facial expressions of emotion. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 111(15), 1454-1462. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322355111
DWDS. (2021). Digital dictionary of the German language. Retrieved from http://www.dwds.de/ressourcen/korpora/
Farber, M.L. (1950). The Problem of National Character: A Methodological Analysis. The Journal of Psychology, 30(2), 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1950.9916068
Fink, L., Gruttauer, S., & Thomas, A. (2008). Professionally in Ukraine. Training program for managers, specialists and executives. Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Friedlmeier, W., Corapci, F., & Cole, P.M. (2011). Socialization of Emotions in Cross-cultural Perspective. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(7), 410-427. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2011.00362.x
GRAC. (2021). The General Regionally Annotated Corpus of Ukrainian. Retrieved from http://www.uacorpus.org/Kyiv/ua/
Hofstede, G.J. (2006). Think locally, act globally. Intercultural cooperation and global management. Munich: Beck.
Hofstede Insights. (2019). Country Comparison. Retrieved from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/product/compare-countries/
Hopko, H. (2019). Maturity test" of Society. Newspaper of the day. Retrieved from https://m.day.kyiv.ua/uk/article/den-planety/test-na-zrilist-suspilstva
Horodetska, O.V. (2003). National-marked Concepts in the British Linguistic Picture of the World of the XX Century (Thesis’ Abstract). Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Kyiv. Retrieved from http://www.irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/cgi-bin/irbis_nbuv/cgiirbis_64.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=ARD&P21DBN=ARD&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=fullwebr&C21COM=
S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=A=&S21COLORTERMS=1&S21STR=%D0%93%
D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%9E.%D0%92.$
Hundorova, T. (2019). Literature of Our Independence. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://www.nas.gov.ua/UA/Messages/Pages/View.aspx?MessageID=5644
Inkeles, A. (1997). National Character: A Psycho-social Perspective. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
iWeb. (2021). Word Web Corpus. Retrieved from https://www.english-corpora.org/iweb/
Izard, C.E. (1992). Basic Emotions, Relations among Emotions, and Emotion-cognition Relations. Psychological Review, 99(3), 561-565. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.99.3.561
Kitayama, S. & Markus, H.R. (1997). Emotion and Culture: Empirical Studies of Mutual Influence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Kobozeva, I.M. (1995). German, English, French, and Russian: Revealing Stereotypes of National Character through Analysis of Ethnonym Connotations. Moscow University Philology Bulletin, 3, 102-117. Retrieved from http://otipl.philol.msu.ru/staff/people/kobozeva.php
Kostomarov, N.I. (1991). Two Russian Nationalities. Kiev & Kharkov: Maydan. Retrieved from https://dlib.kiev.ua/items/show/576#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0
Kövecses, Z. (1986). Metaphors of Anger, Pride, and Love: A Lexical Approach to the Structure of Concepts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kövecses, Z. (1990). Emotion Concepts. New York: Springer.
Kozlovskyi, I. (2021). We are Bound by the Rope of Our Faith. The Ukrainians. Retrieved from https://theukrainians.org/ihor-kozlovskyi-nas-zviazuie-motuzka-viry/
Kulchytskyi, O. (1949). Features of Characterology of the Ukrainian People. U V. Kubiiovych & Z. Kudelia (Red.), Encyclopedia of Ukrainian culture, T. 1 (s. 708-718). Munich & New York: Young life.
Levenson, R.W. (2011). Basic emotion questions. Emotion Review, 3(4), 379-386. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410743
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B. (2017). Identity, emotions and cultural differences in English and Polish online comments. International Journal of Language and Culture, 4(1), 47-71. https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.4.1.04lew
McCrae, R.R. & Terracciano, A. (2006). National Character and Personality. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(4), 156-161. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00427.x
Mizin, K.I. & Petrov, O.O. (2018). Contrastive Linguoculturology: Methodological Problems and Perspective Methods. Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi; Vinnytsia; Kremenchuk: Shcherbatykh. Retrieved from https://dspace.vspu.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/9351/_%D0%9C%D1%96%
D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%
97%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%20%D0%9B%D0%9A.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Mizin, K. & Korostenski, J. (2020). In Addition to the Discussion on the "Methodological Primitivism" in Linguoculturology. Linguistic Studies, 39, 107-117. https://doi.org/10.31558/1815-3070.2020.39.9
Mizin, K. & Petrov, O. (2021). Emotional State GEMÜTLICHKEIT in Cross- cultural Perspective: Corpus-based Approach. Studies about Languages / Language studies, 38, 43-60. http://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.1.38.26581
Mizin, K., Slavova, L. & Khmara, V. (2021). The equivalence of terms denoting the emotion concepts of Ger. angst and A.-S. fear: A corpus-based method. Lege artis, 6(2), 69-104. https://lartis.sk/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Mizin_et_al.pdf
Oster, U. (2012). "Angst" and "Fear" in Contrast: A Corpus-based Analysis of Emotion Concepts. In M. Brdar, I. Raffaelli, M. Žic Fuchs (Eds.), Cognitive Linguistics between Universality and Variation (pp. 327-355). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Reva, I. (2019). On the Other Side: The Socio-psychological and Cultural Consequences of the Holodomor and Stalin's Repressions. Kyiv: K.I.S. (In Ukranian)
Rotenberg, V.S. (2009). An Infantilism of the Intellectually and Spiritually Matured Personality: Soaring and Precipice. Activitas Nervosa Superior, 51(3), 162-166.
Rotter, J.B. (1954). Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Schroll-Machl, S. (2003). The Germans - We Germans. Perception of others and self-view in professional life. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
Schwarz-Friesel, M. (2008). Language, Cognition, and Emotion: New Paths in Cognitive Science. In H. Kämper & L.M. Eichinger (Ed.), Language - Cognition - Culture. Language between mental structure and cultural imprint (S. 277-301). Berlin & New York: de Gruyter.
Stefanowitsch, A. (2020). Corpus Linguistics: A Guide to the Methodology. Berlin: Language Science Press. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735822
Strazhnyi, O. (2017). Ukrainian Mentality: Illusions – Myths – Reality. Kyiv: Spirit and letter, http://resource.history.org.ua/item/0014216
Thomas, A. (2018). Orientation in Cultural and Ethnic Diversity. The Concept of Cultural Standards. In A. Thomas (Ed.), Cultural and Ethnic Diversity. How European Psychologists Can Meet the Challenges (pp. 25-37). Göttingen: Hogrefe. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=5wFQDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=ru&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Tracy, J.L. & Matsumoto, D. (2008). The Spontaneous Display of Pride and Shame: Evidence for Biologically Innate Nonverbal Displays. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 11655-11660. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802686105
Vdovychenko, N.V. (2015). Verbalization of Moral and Ethical Concepts in the Linguistic Picture of the World (Dissertation for a degree Candidate of Philological Sciences). Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University. Odesa. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9fb5/737956b9baeee0bc092fc7902450007695a3.pdf
Wierzbicka, A. (1999). Emotions Across Languages and Cultures: Diversity and Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yaniv, V. (2006). Essays on the History of Ukrainian Ethnopsychology. Kyiv: Znannia. http://irbis-nbuv.gov.ua/ulib/item/ukr0000015046
Yushchenko, V. (2021). Exclusive Interview with N. Vlashchenko. Youtube. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FS8anF6K15U
Published
2021-12-30
How to Cite
Mizin, K., Slavova, L., Lyashuk, A., & Hromovenko, V. (2021). The emotion concept of SHAME as one of the markers of social infantilism: Cross-cultural analysis based on language corpora data. Amazonia Investiga, 10(48), 97-106. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.48.12.11
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