Transformation of the myth of the Minotaur in “Gene” by Stel Pavlou
Keywords:
fantasy, memory, Minotaur, concept, Shadow, interpretation, myth.
Abstract
Fantasy of the XXI century becomes more attentive to the socio-political realities of our time. The resultant vector of the genre's problematic spectrum becomes a widely understood problem of memory - from generic, national civilization. The genre potential of fantasy gives the writer high opportunities, primarily mythological. Stel Pavlou interprets the issues of personal and cultural memory in an original way, touches the actual problem of the “beast” in man in the novel “Gene” - a representative work of Minotaurianism of the first decades of the XXI century. The purpose of our article is to determine for the first time the features of the author's version (associative model) of the Minotaur myth in the novel “Gene” by S. Pavlou against the background of the typology of modern Minotaurians, the specifics of the author's picture of the world and the accompanying philosophical subtext. In the interpretation of the key legendary-mythological image "Gene" we turn to the teaching of C. G. Jung. We show that the reinterpretation of the Minotaur's image is organically relevant to modern trends, actualizing the question of the meaning of existence, memory, man's choice of the future. In "Gene," man comprehends his essence (the Minotaur as unconscious) and recognizes the animal in himself as evil, suffers disappointment in himself and history, but must endure through love and forgiveness. We see the precondition for this original approach in Minotauri in the universalization in the twentieth century. (J. L. Borges, R. Sheckley, S. Sherrill, etc.) of the Image of the Labyrinth. Further study of the prose of S. Pavlou promising as an important component of the new world fantasy.
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References
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Menshchikova, M. K. (2012). Antique code in the mythopoetic system of Friedrich Hölderlin. Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University. N.I. Lobachevsky. Philology, 1(2), 162–165. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/antichnyy-kod-v-mifopoeticheskoy-sisteme-fridriha-gyolderlina
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Nietzsche, F. (1999). Jenseits von Gut und Böse. Zur Genealogie der Moral. Berlin: De Gruyter. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/jenseits-von-gut-und-b%C3%B6se-d175807661.html
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Pavlou, S. (2005). Gene. London; New York; Sydney; Toronto: Simon & Schuster. URL: https://ru.scribd.com/book/225339589/Gene
Pavlou, S. (2004). Interview with S. Pavlou / interviewer J. Berlyne. SFRevu. Febr. URL: http://sfrevu.com/Review-id.php?id=2540
Pelevin V. O. (2010). Helm of Terror: The Myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. Moscow: Eksmo. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/%D0%A8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC-%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0-d194644752.html
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Shekli, R. (2005). Minotaur Maze, transl. from Engl. Moscow: Eksmo. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0-d193598112.html
Sherril, S. (2000). The Minotaur Takes a Cigarette Break. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: John F. Blair. URL: https://ua1lib.org/book/4207334/724b4a
Suenvik, M. (2003). Blind Minotaur. God’s eye: good old fiction: new names, transl. from Engl. Moscow: AST, p. 120–139. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80-d193369884.html
Vaganova, O., Rudenko, I., Markova, S., Smirnova, Z., & Kutepov, M. (2019). The use of educational video materials in educational process of a higher educational institution. Amazonia Investiga, 8(22), 216-222. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/308
Ziolkowski, T. (2008). Minos and the Moderns: Cretan Myth in Twentieth-Century Literature and Art. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/minos-and-the-moderns-cretan-myth-in-twentieth-century-literature-and-art-d159184544.html
Borkhes, H. L. (2002). House of Asterion, transl. from Span. V. Kulagina-Yartseva. URL: http://www.serann.ru/text/dom-asteriya-9256
Burnett, L. (2017). Ariadne, Theseus, and the Circumambulation of the Mythyc Self. JCLA: Journal of Comparative Literature and Aesthetics: A Special Issue in The Eternal Return of Myth: Myth updating in Contemporary Literature, 40(2), 41–52. URL: https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Ariadne%2c+Theseus%2c+and+the+Circumambulation+of+the+Mythic+Self.-a0597253067
Clarke, S. (2017). Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell. London; Oxford; New York; New Delhi; Sydney: Bloomsbury. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/jonathan-strange-and-mr-norrell-d193201877.html
Collins, S. (2010). The Hunger Games: trilogy. New York: Scholastic Press. URL: https://ua1lib.org/book/4202314/a0fab5
Cuddon, J. A. (2013). A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. 5th ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. [PDF Drive]. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/a-dictionary-of-literary-terms-and-literary-theory-fifth-edition-d157381694.html
Frye, N. (2002). Collected Works / gen. ed. A. A. Lee. Toronto; Buffalo; London: University of Toronto Press. Vol. 11: Northrop Frye on Modern Culture, ed. J. Gorak. [PDF Drive]. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/northrop-frye-on-modern-culture-e186573640.html
Gates, P. S., Steffel, S. B., & Molson, F. J. (2003). Fantasy Literature for Children and Young Adults. Lanham; Maryland; Oxford: The Scarecrow Press. [PDF Drive]. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/fantasy-literature-for-children-and-young-adults-d185188564.html
Green, S. (2014). Half Bad. Falkirk: Penguin Books. [PDF Drive]. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/half-bad-d200343396.html
Hoffmann, G. (2005). From Modernism to Postmodernism: Concepts and Strategies of Postmodern American Fiction. Postmodern Studies 38, series ed. by T. D’haen, H. Bertens. Amsterdam; New York: Rodopi. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/from-modernism-to-postmodernism-concepts-and-strategies-of-postmodern-american-fiction-postmodern-studies-38-d175297221.html
Hrabovych, H. (1998). Poet as a mythmaker: Semantics of symbols in the artistic works by Taras Shevchenko, transl. from Engl. S. Pavlychko. 2nd ed. Kyiv: Krytyka. URL: http://resource.history.org.ua/item/0013708
James, E., & Mendlesohn, F. (2012). Introduction. The Cambridge Companion to Fantasy Literature, ed. by E. James, F. Mendlesohn. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1–4. URL: https://ua1lib.org/book/2719038/3cb4cd
Joyce, J. (2003). Ulisses. London: D. Campbell. URL: https://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/Ulysses-by-James-Joyce.pdf
Jung, C. G., Franz M.-L. von, Henderson J. L., Jacobi J., & Jaffé A. (1988). Man and his Symbols. New York; London; Toronto; Sydney; Auckland: Anchor Press: Doubleday. [PDF Drive]. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/man-and-his-symbols-d33408116.html
Kermode, F. (2000). The Sense of an Ending: Studies in the Theory of Fiction: with a new epilogue. 3d ed. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/the-sense-of-an-ending-d18749265.html
Korolev, K. (ed.). (2005). Encyclopedia of symbols, signs, emblems. Moscow: Eksmo; Sankt-Peterburg: Midgard. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC-d186477355.html
Kripal, J. J. (2011). Mutants and Mystics: Science Fiction, Superhero Comics, and the Paranormal. Chicago, Lomdon: The University of Chicago Press. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/mutants-and-mystics-science-fiction-superhero-comics-and-the-paranormal-d163658524.html
Kuznetsova, N. V. (2008). The myth of the Minotaur in the artistic consciousness of the XX century. Moscow State University Bulletin. Ser. 19. Linguistics and intercultural communication, 2, 108–113. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mif-o-minotavre-v-hudozhestvennom-soznanii-xx-v-andre-zhid-tesey-hulio-kortasar-tsari-horhe-luis-borhes-dom-asteriya-fridrih-dyurrenmatt
Lévi-Strauss, C. (1963). Structural Anthropology, transl. from the French by C. Jacobson, B. G. Schoepf. New York: Basic Books. URL: https://monoskop.org/images/e/e8/Levi-Strauss_Claude_Structural_Anthropology_1963.pdf
Lishchynska, N. (2018). Not people, people, non-humans. Kyyiv: KM-Buks. URL: https://knygy.com.ua/index.php?productID=9789669481276
Mendlesohn, F. (2008). Rhetorics of Fantasy. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/rhetorics-of-fantasy-d196282598.html
Menshchikova, M. K. (2012). Antique code in the mythopoetic system of Friedrich Hölderlin. Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University. N.I. Lobachevsky. Philology, 1(2), 162–165. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/antichnyy-kod-v-mifopoeticheskoy-sisteme-fridriha-gyolderlina
Misakov, V., Tsurova, L., Yandarbayeva, L., Tkhamadokova, I., & Gapurovna, G. (2019). Certification of a regional economic complex as a highly effective tool for analysis and diagnostics of its development. Amazonia Investiga, 8(20), 451-458. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/174
Nietzsche, F. (1999). Jenseits von Gut und Böse. Zur Genealogie der Moral. Berlin: De Gruyter. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/jenseits-von-gut-und-b%C3%B6se-d175807661.html
Nin, A. (1961). Seduction of the Minotaur. Athens: Swallow Press. URL: http://ru.pdfdrive.com/seduction-of-the-minotaur-v5-in-nins-continuous-novel-vol-v-d193188885.html
Nyamtsu, A. (2007). Myth. Legend. Literature: (theoretical aspects of functioning): monograph. Chernivtsi: Ruta. URL: https://ua1lib.org/book/3263965/43ec02
Pavlou, S. (2005). Gene. London; New York; Sydney; Toronto: Simon & Schuster. URL: https://ru.scribd.com/book/225339589/Gene
Pavlou, S. (2004). Interview with S. Pavlou / interviewer J. Berlyne. SFRevu. Febr. URL: http://sfrevu.com/Review-id.php?id=2540
Pelevin V. O. (2010). Helm of Terror: The Myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. Moscow: Eksmo. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/%D0%A8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC-%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0-d194644752.html
Riggs, R. (2013). Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children. Philadelphia: Quirk Books. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/miss-peregrines-home-for-peculiar-children-d199835546.html
Shekli, R. (2005). Minotaur Maze, transl. from Engl. Moscow: Eksmo. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0-d193598112.html
Sherril, S. (2000). The Minotaur Takes a Cigarette Break. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: John F. Blair. URL: https://ua1lib.org/book/4207334/724b4a
Suenvik, M. (2003). Blind Minotaur. God’s eye: good old fiction: new names, transl. from Engl. Moscow: AST, p. 120–139. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80-d193369884.html
Vaganova, O., Rudenko, I., Markova, S., Smirnova, Z., & Kutepov, M. (2019). The use of educational video materials in educational process of a higher educational institution. Amazonia Investiga, 8(22), 216-222. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/308
Ziolkowski, T. (2008). Minos and the Moderns: Cretan Myth in Twentieth-Century Literature and Art. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press. URL: https://www.pdfdrive.com/minos-and-the-moderns-cretan-myth-in-twentieth-century-literature-and-art-d159184544.html
Published
2021-11-25
How to Cite
Gurduz, A. (2021). Transformation of the myth of the Minotaur in “Gene” by Stel Pavlou. Amazonia Investiga, 10(46), 290-302. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2021.46.10.29
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