Process of adaptation of first-year students to study at university as pedagogical phenomenon: structure and characteristics
Keywords:
adaptation, adaptedness, first-year students, university education.
Abstract
The article is devoted to the study and analysis of the process of adaptation of first-year students to studying at a university as a pedagogical phenomenon. In the process of developing the personality of a future specialist, a significant role is played by the initial stage of studying at a university. Its complexity lies in restructuring the whole system of value-cognitive orientation of the student’s personality, developing new methods of cognitive activity and forming certain types of interpersonal relationships. The main characteristic of this stage is the process of students’ adaptation to university education. The aim of the paper is to develop scientific ideas about the nature, structure, and characteristics of students’ adaptation to the educational process in a university. The article considers scientific works on the problem under study, reveals different approaches of researches to adaptation Based on the analysis of scientific literature and experience, the author defines the terms “adaptation”, “the process of adaptation”, “adaptedness”. The comparative analysis of the terms “adjustment” and “adaptation”, “imitation” and “adaptation”, “socialization” and “adaptation” is carried out. Special attention is also given to the significant role of education for the process of adaptation and socialization. The structure of the process of students’ adaptation to studying at a university including types, phases, and forms of adaptation is thoroughly investigated and described in the article. Based on the results of students’ recitation the paper presents the list of the most common difficulties in the process of adaptation of first-year students in order of their significance.
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References
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Viktorova, B.C. (1975). On the adaptation of first-year students to a pedagogical university. Ways to improve professional orientation in a teacher training university (student as an object of knowledge and education), Saratov. pp. 36-43.
Yakovleva, M.V. (2000). The pedagogical basis for the adaptation of freshmen to study at the university (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Ulan-Ude.
Yanitsky, M.S. (1995). The main psychological mechanisms of students' adaptation to educational activities (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Irkutsk.
Zhmyrikov, L.N. (1989). Diagnosis of the social and psychological adaptation of a person in conditions of activity and communication (Thesis of Candidate of Psychological Sciences), L.
Zimnyaya, I.A. (1989). Adaptation of a student as a subject of educational activity at the initial stage of teaching a foreign language in a language university. Psychology of a student as a subject of educational activity, Moscow. pp. 4-14.
Zotova, O.I., Kryazheva, I.K. (1979). Some aspects of the socio-psychological adaptation of personality. Psychological mechanisms of regulation of social behavior, Moscow. pp. 43 - 56.
Ananyev, B.G. (1989). Man as a subject of knowledge. Leningrad: Science.
Andreeva, D.A. (1973). About the concept of adaptation. Study of students' adaptation to the conditions of study at the university. Man and society. Issue XI, Moscow. pp. 25-27.
Aschepkov, V. (1998). Professional adaptation of teachers. Higher education in Russia. No. 4. pp. 67-72.
Aristides, M.B. (1988). The specifics of the educational process at the initial stage of training students in higher education (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Moscow.
Bashirova, V., Vakhrushev, M. (1975). Some issues of freshman adaptation management at a pedagogical university. Ways to improve professional orientation in a teacher training university (student as an object of knowledge and education), Saratov. pp. 44-56.
Biebrich, P.P. (1990). Motivational aspects of students' adaptation to the educational process at the university. Psychological and pedagogical aspects of students' adaptation to the educational process at the university, Chisinau: Shtiintsa. pp. 17-29.
Bodalev, A.A., Krivolap, L.I., Magun, B.C. (1971). On the ratio of self-assessments and pedagogical assessments of students of schools and universities. Problems of higher teacher education, Leningrad.
Bozhovich, L.I. (1968). Personality and its formation in childhood, Moscow: Enlightenment.
Bokut, B.V. (1989). Higher education: problems of activation, Minsk.
Davydov, V.V. (1999). Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia, Volume 2, Moscow: Scientific Publishing House “The Big Russian Encyclopedia”.
Deleu, M.V. (1990). Some features of the manifestation of the personal properties of first-year students in the context of adaptation to the university. Psychological and pedagogical aspects of students' adaptation to the educational process at the university, Chisinau: Shtiintsa. pp. 29-41.
Dyachenko, M.I., Kandybovich, L.A. (1993). Psychology of Higher Education (study guide for universities), Minsk: Universitetskoye.
Erdineev, A.Ts. (1992). Influence of the nature of teacher’s pedagogical communication on the adaptation of freshmen (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Moscow.
Ershova, N.G. (1998). Pedagogical conditions for intensifying the process of adaptation of first-year students to educational activities at the IFC (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Saint-Petersburg.
Gaponova, S.A. (1994). Features of the adaptation of university students in the learning process. Psychological Journal. T. 15. No. 3. pp. 131-135.
Grishanov, L.K., Tsurcan, V.D. (1990). Sociological problems of adaptation of junior students. Psychological and pedagogical aspects of students' adaptation to the educational process at the university, Chisinau: Shtiintsa. pp. 3-17.
Gushchina, G.A. (2002). The humanistic educational environment as a condition for adaptation to the training of students of a non-governmental university (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Kirov.
Ilyichev, A.F. (1983). Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary, Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia.
Kadochkina, V.E. (1980). On the concept of "adaptation of students in high school." Optimization of the student’s personality formation process, Kuibyshev. pp. 83-94.
Klimov, E.A. (1967). Typological differences in adaptation to the extreme conditions of a diagnostic experiment. Questions of psychology, Sverdlovsk. pp. 55 - 59.
Kon, I.S. (1979). Psychology of adolescence, Moscow: Science.
Kormilitsyn, A.P. (1997). Socio - pedagogical adaptation of foreign students in the process of training (for example, the Aviation Technical College) (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Moscow.
Kochetov, A.I. (1971). Actual problems of pedagogy (special course for graduate students of pedagogical institutes), Ryazan: Russian State Pedagogical Institute.
Kruglikov, V.N. (1996). Formation of the motivation of cognitive activity in contextual education (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Moscow.
Lagerev, V.V. (1991). Adaptation of students to the conditions of study at a technical university and the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process with freshmen, Moscow.
Leontiev, A.N. (1977). Activity Consciousness. Personality. 2nd Edition. Moscow: Political Publishing House.
Melnikov, V.A. (1999). Psychological and pedagogical conditions for the adaptation of students of military universities to professional activities (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Orenburg: OGI.
Miloslavova, I.A. (1973). Adaptation as a socio-psychological phenomenon. Social Psychology and Philosophy, Issue 2. Leningrad. pp. 111-120.
Mudrik, A.V. (1997). Introduction to Social Pedagogy, Moscow.
Orekhova E.Yu. (2007). Pedagogical conditions for intensifying the process of adaptation of younger students to the university: the example of students of the indigenous peoples of the North, Khanty and Mansi (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Moscow: RSL.
Orekhova, Y., Grebenkina, L., Badelina, M., Kopylova, N., & Sysoev, S. (2019). Innovative technologies of teachers and students’ interaction in the educational process of the university. Amazonia Investiga, 8(19), 325-332. Retrieved from https://amazoniainvestiga.info/index.php/amazonia/article/view/234
Pavlov, I. P. (2014). Conditioned reflex (collection of works), Saint-Petersburg: Lenizdat.
Prosetskiy, P.A., Petrov, B.M., Semichenko, V.A., Shafazhinskaya, N.E. (1982). Active creative adaptation of students of the new admission to the conditions of higher education. Psychological problems of the formation of a socially active personality of a teacher, Moscow: MPGI. pp. 3 - 18.
Shibutani, T. (1999). Social Psychology, Rostov na Donu.
Satrosyan, K.O. (1973). On the issue of adaptation of freshmen. Psychological and socio-psychological characteristics of students' adaptation: materials of the symposium. Yerevan: Armenian State Pedagogical Institute.
Shafazhinskaya, N.E. (1981). The role of socio-psychological adaptation of freshmen in the optimization of the educational process. Psychological problems of intensification of teaching a foreign language. Issue 179. Moscow. pp. 88-96.
Shiryaeva, I.V. (1980). To the question of the peculiarities of the adaptation of students in junior high schools. Ways to improve the effectiveness of training at a university, Gorky: Publishing House of the State University pp. 70-75.
Sidorova, M.V. (1998). Social and pedagogical conditions for the adaptation of younger students to study at the higher education institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Bryansk.
Smirnov, S.D. (1995). Pedagogy and Psychology of Higher Education: From Activity to Person, Moscow: Aspect-Press.
Tarde, J. (2012). Laws of imitation. Nobel Press.
Temerbekova, A.A. (2005). Psychological and pedagogical foundations of the activity approach in the conditions of differentiated training. Psychological and pedagogical foundations of training: Materials of the conference. Gorno-Altai State University. pp. 18-25.
The Pedagogical Encyclopedic Dictionary. (2003). Grekulov, O.D. Gold Fund, Moscow: Big Russian Encyclopedia Scientific Publishing House.
The Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary. (2003). Makhov, A.E., Petrovskaya, L.I., Smolkin, V.M., Schollet, V.D. Gold Fund, Moscow: Big Russian Encyclopedia Scientific Publishing House.
Viktorova, B.C. (1975). On the adaptation of first-year students to a pedagogical university. Ways to improve professional orientation in a teacher training university (student as an object of knowledge and education), Saratov. pp. 36-43.
Yakovleva, M.V. (2000). The pedagogical basis for the adaptation of freshmen to study at the university (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Ulan-Ude.
Yanitsky, M.S. (1995). The main psychological mechanisms of students' adaptation to educational activities (Thesis of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences), Irkutsk.
Zhmyrikov, L.N. (1989). Diagnosis of the social and psychological adaptation of a person in conditions of activity and communication (Thesis of Candidate of Psychological Sciences), L.
Zimnyaya, I.A. (1989). Adaptation of a student as a subject of educational activity at the initial stage of teaching a foreign language in a language university. Psychology of a student as a subject of educational activity, Moscow. pp. 4-14.
Zotova, O.I., Kryazheva, I.K. (1979). Some aspects of the socio-psychological adaptation of personality. Psychological mechanisms of regulation of social behavior, Moscow. pp. 43 - 56.
Published
2020-03-21
How to Cite
Badelina, M. V. (2020). Process of adaptation of first-year students to study at university as pedagogical phenomenon: structure and characteristics. Amazonia Investiga, 9(27), 460-477. https://doi.org/10.34069/AI/2020.27.03.50
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