Amazonia Investiga

Epiisopiloturin–Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes: preparation, characterization, and application in neglected diseases

Karolynne Rodrigues de Melo — 2025-10-04

Context: Pilocarpus microphyllus (Jaborandi) is widely used for extracting pilocarpine, generating biomass rich in secondary metabolites. Among these, epiisopiloturin (EPI) exhibits potential against neglected diseases, in addition to anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. However, its poor aqueous solubility limits its pharmaceutical application. Objective: To enhance the solubility of EPI by forming an inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) using the freeze-drying technique. Methods: A phase solubility study was conducted to determine the stability constant and stoichiometry. The inclusion complex was prepared via lyophilization and characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and in vitro dissolution testing. Results: Characterization confirmed the formation of the EPI:HPβCD complex, indicating strong interactions between components. The DSC thermogram showed the disappearance of the EPI melting peak, supported by FTIR results, suggesting successful complexation. XRD patterns revealed an amorphous structure. In vitro dissolution demonstrated a marked increase in solubility: 100% of the complexed EPI dissolved within 5 minutes, compared to only 19% of the free compound. Conclusion: Complexation with HPβCD significantly improved the solubility of EPI, reinforcing its potential for development into an innovative pharmaceutical formulation for the treatment of neglected diseases.

“The mil aulas tool in moodle for meaningful learning in entrepreneurship and management: A case study in ecuadorian high schools”

Sandra Letty Balón Cantos — 2025-10-04

The rapid and progressive advancement of computerized technology has compelled educational processes to migrate toward learning environments that require the use of digital platforms and tools. These environments foster the exploration and experimentation of contextualized didactic designs, with implications for the development of skills that transcend purely theoretical knowledge. This article aims to analyze the applicability of pedagogical methodologies for implementing collaborative practices among third-year students of the Unified General Baccalaureate (BGU) in Ecuador, specifically within the curricular unit of Entrepreneurship and Management, mediated by the Mil Aulas tool in Moodle. The theoretical framework is grounded in the approaches of Ausubel, 1983 and Siemens, 2004, from a socioconstructivist perspective. Methodologically, a non-experimental, cross-sectional design was adopted within a projective research approach, using a census sample of 90 students from the Tonchigüe High School in Atacames, Ecuador. Based on the average performance across the four groups, the findings indicate that mean scores increased by 90%, rising from 4.88 in the pre-test to 9.28 in the post-test. This result demonstrates a significant improvement in students’ academic performance, strengthening their knowledge of markets and advertising, and contributing to meaningful learning.

Sustainability analysis of the tourism system in El Capulín community, Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve

Francisco Joaquin Villafaña-Rivera — 2025-08-18

The construction of indicators allows us to detect critical points of the analyzed system, to detect causes and provide solutions. In the tourism area, the indicators are limited, although their application helps to quantify the functioning of the destination and generate strategies that benefit those involved. The objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of the sustainability of producers in El Capulín community using indicators in dimensions; economic, social and environmental with the purpose of generating a baseline in the sustainable area, which serves for rural development, supported under the Framework for the Evaluation of Natural Resource Management Systems incorporating Sustainability Indicators. A structured survey was designed, referring to tourist activity, applied with intentional sampling to 63 ejidatarios. The statistical analysis generated six indicators in the economic dimension, six environmental and ten social, the evaluation of the system allowed us to know that the PSTP group has 65.03% sustainability, while the PSTM group has 85.25%, the interaction in the system showed that Tourism is not an economic activity that provides a good quality of life to those interested, therefore, increase your knowledge as a strategy to improve your performance and skills.

Interaction between interior space and environment: Current research and trends evaluation

Beytullah Beşkaya — 2025-07-25

Interior space is where individuals live, interact with their immediate environment, and carry out their daily activities. Individuals can only meet their social, psychological, and physiological needs in spaces designed accordingly. The adaptation of living spaces to individuals depends directly on their relationship and interaction with the interior space and its environment. Therefore, the interior space in which an individual lives cannot be considered independently of its surroundings. This study examines the interaction between interior space, individuals, and their immediate environment, focusing on the contribution and significance of the environment in the design of space. To achieve this objective, a bibliometric analysis method will be employed. Existing literature on space design and environmental interaction will be systematically reviewed, analyzing academic publications, citation networks, and thematic trends. This analysis will identify key contributions to the role of the immediate environment in space design, emerging research areas, and gaps in current knowledge. By adopting this methodological approach, the study provides a comprehensive, data-driven perspective that better understands the dynamics between interior spaces, individuals, and their environment.

Artificial intelligence system based on a dynamic rule-based engine operated on a database

Tonáhtiu Arturo Ramírez-Romero — 2025-07-17

We present a proposal for the development of a rule handler, applicable to filtering, diagnostic, or decision-making systems. This proposal allows the management of simple or complex rules, including: database query operations, arithmetic operations, and relational operators. It accepts conjunctive and disjunctive rules. A small language is created to represent rules, which are stored in a database and can therefore grow dynamically. The handler is used as a tool for other developments that require this functionality, and the final product is a library in PHP.