defined sensitivity or other parameters), the
material recorded by the camera can be used to
identify criminals and further investigate the
crime. For example, if the hotel is equipped with
such technology, it is possible to allow only
guests’ cars to enter the hotel, and to the rooms
— only the people staying in them. It is also
necessary to ensure proper lighting of the
territory that is the object of surveillance for the
camera (Myroshnychenko et al., 2020). It is quite
easy in the case of a hotel area, but in the case
when the camera is installed, for example, in a
criminal area, the installation of proper street
lighting can cause certain difficulties. In addition
to financial costs, the possibility that the lanterns
may be broken by intruders poses certain
difficulties.
In addition to hotel territory and areas with a high
level of crime, an important example of the
effective use of video surveillance cameras is
their installation in places with a large flow of
tourists. For example, in airports or other places
of large crowds. Such measures can be effective
not only for the prevention or investigation of
minor crimes (for example, theft), but also for the
prevention of such serious crimes as terrorist
acts.
On the one hand, wide opportunities of video
surveillance increase security in tourist places,
but they can affect privacy. Besides, each country
has legislative provisions regarding the
possibility of using video and photo materials (as
well as other evidence obtained, in particular,
with the use of technical equipment) as evidence.
In Ukraine, the use of operational equipment by
the National Police is provided for in Articles 30-
32 of the Constitution of Ukraine (The
Constitution of Ukraine, 2020). These articles
provide for the possibility of restricting certain
rights and freedoms of a person, in particular, the
inviolability of housing, the secrecy of
correspondence, telephone conversations, non-
interference in personal and family life, etc., in
the presence of a court decision or in the case
when obtaining the necessary information related
to a criminal violation by other means is
impossible. According to the Criminal Procedure
Code (CPC) of Ukraine (Código de
Procedimiento Penal No. 4651-VI, 2012), video
materials can serve as evidence in a criminal
case.
At the same time, some controversial points
regarding the use of evidence obtained with the
use of video records are worth noting. For
example, given the long time it takes to
investigate crimes in tourism, which is typical of
such crimes given the distance (for example, if
the victim lives in another country), it could be
useful to use video footage of the interrogation as
evidence in court. The duration of the
investigation may cause forgetting of certain
facts that were observed during the interrogation.
However, according to Article 23 of the Criminal
Procedure Code of Ukraine “Direct examination
of testimonies, objects and documents” (Código
de Procedimiento Penal No. 4651-VI, 2012),
testimony given in the pre-trial investigation
cannot be used as evidence in court, which is
provided because of the possibility of putting
pressure on the suspect during interrogation.
The following most important conclusions can be
drawn from the conducted research. First, in the
conditions of increasing threats of various
origins, in particular, for international tourists,
increasing the effectiveness of the investigation
process is an objective necessity. Secondly, the
use of technical measures can significantly
improve this process by providing additional
evidence, as well as prevent a number of crimes.
Thirdly, investigative actions must comply with
legal requirements. The legislative framework, in
turn, must be constantly optimized in accordance
with the development of technologies in order to
enable the legal application of the necessary
technical means. In this regard, future studies
should take into account not only methodological
features of the use of technological means, but
also proposals for improving the legislative
framework.
Discussion
So, the use of technical equipment to detect and
investigate crimes in tourism is an effective
measure to increase the number of solved crimes.
Besides, technical equipment is an effective
measure to prevent crimes. However, during
their use, a detailed study of the legislation of the
country in which the crime is being investigated
is necessary in order to determine whether the
use of technical equipment does not violate
certain legal provisions, as well as to determine
the possibility of using the obtained materials as
evidence.
The author of this study examines, first of all,
crimes committed against tourists. Some studies
also describe deviant behaviour of tourists
themselves, as well as violations by tourism
industry establishments. Mataković and Cunjak
Mataković (2019) distinguish crimes in tourism
into those committed by locals, tourists, and
representatives of the tourism industry. All types