demonstrates the need to standardize a number of
effective legislative steps to counter and prevent
corruption crimes in Ukraine, which is possible
only by using criminological tools.
Busol (2014, p. 4) repeatedly drew attention to
the fact that the strategic direction of the fight
against corruption is its prevention. Integrated
precautions are a way that can reduce the volume
of corruption manifestations and their negative
impact on society. The main anti-corruption
measures in Ukraine are: 1) determination of the
strategy of socio-economic development and
implementation of administrative reform.
Building the rule of law and civil society is the
basis for corruption prevention. Cosmetic
changes in public administration, even if they are
externally attractive, cannot improve the
situation in the fight against this negative
phenomenon. Prevention this crime requires the
study of the conditions, in which the anti-
corruption strategy is formed and implemented in
Ukraine in the modern period, the evaluation of
the State policy in this direction, as well as the
identification of criminologically significant
problems in the application of specific
prevention mechanisms. The key to the
development of strategic approaches to the
corruption prevention is the establishment of a
circle of subjects who should play a leading role
in this process – specialized anti-corruption
bodies, law enforcement agencies, and other
institutions of civil society or individual citizens.
The given factors, through the prism of the
science of criminology, make it possible to form
a range of requirements that, under the conditions
of their effective implementation and
constructive, sometimes global and sometimes
situational influences processes of corruption
counteraction and prevention, will allow
achieving high results.
So, for example, a number of official websites of
the State authorities of Ukraine claim that the
most corrupt spheres of activity are the
following: public procurement; extrabudgetary
accounts established for legitimate purposes
(pension, travel funds, etc.), the income of which
accumulates in the pockets of officials; tax
relations (tax benefits, etc.); sale of raw materials
at below-market prices; unification of territories
(zoning) and decentralization, as they affect the
value of land; extraction of natural resources;
sale of state assets, especially privatization of
state enterprises; land relations (organization of
the land market with its subsequent sale);
granting monopoly access to a certain type of
commercial (especially export-import) activity;
control over the shadow economy and illegal
business (extortion, protection against
persecution, destruction of competitors, etc.);
appointment to positions of responsibility in
government; licensing and registration of
business (including banking) activities; issuance
of permits for the placement of securities and
conducting banking operations with budget
funds; obtaining loans (including government
loans); customs clearance of imported goods;
obtaining export quotas; construction and repair
at the expense of budget funds; initiation and
termination of criminal proceedings (Southern
interregional administration of the State Labor
Service, (n.d)).
Such qualitative indicators allow to conclude that
depending on the specific type of crime in the
field of corruption, as well as the segment of legal
relations to which it belongs, the perspective of
risk assessment and the development of
appropriate response plans becomes possible on
the specified destructive factors. Compared to
Western democracies, a separate problematic
issue of clarifying the essence of the
criminological dimension of combating
corruption crime is the possibility of measuring
the damage caused by the influence of corruption
on all legal relations arising in risky spheres.
For example, the USA, Great Britain and other
countries have been conducting research on
determining the "price" of crime for the past few
decades. In addition, the amount of human and
material losses, which were avoided thanks to the
effective activity of all law enforcement,
including anti-corruption, agencies, is being
studied. Only in this case it is possible to draw a
conclusion about the ratio of material resources
spent on maintaining the law enforcement system
of Ukraine and the funds saved as a result of
taking measures of criminological prevention
and cessation of crimes, including corruption. If
crime prevention savings are larger than the
amount of public finances spent by criminal
justice bodies, then it is possible to talk about the
effectiveness of law enforcement agencies, the
professionalism of their management, and the
feasibility of continuing the chosen law
enforcement strategy (Marshuba, 2016, p. 126).
In our opinion, the specified approach, reflecting
international experience in developing an attitude
to anti-corruption, should be applied in Ukraine,
since this destructive phenomenon affects not
only the course of social relations, but also causes
some damage to the standards of resource
management protected by the State, which has a
specific the intended use is social security, the